Characterizing Temperature Performance of Bio-Modified Binders Containing RAP Binder
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 8
Abstract
The present study was conducted to define low, intermediate, and high temperature performance of date seed oil modified binders (DOMB) mixed with different amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binder varying from 0 to 30%. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) test was applied to evaluate the chemical structure of date seed oil (DSO) as virgin and modified binders. Rheological properties of binders were measured applying Brookfield viscosity test. Fatigue and rutting behavior of blends were predicted utilizing linear amplitude sweep (LAS) and multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests, respectively. Results showed that the inclusion of DSO affected chemical properties of the binders and resulted in reduced viscosities. The Superpave high performance grade (PG) of binders was increased by one grade due to the addition of RAP; whereas the addition of DSO balanced that. In addition, fatigue behavior of the binders was improved significantly with the addition of DSO to the RAP blended as virgin binder (up to 70%). However, rutting resistance of the blends was adversely affected due to the softening effect of DSO.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was financially supported by Ramab Asia Consulting Engineers Co. Ltd. The authors thank Farzad Amirkhani, head of company, for his active contribution and generous help.
References
AASHTO. 2009. Standard specification for performance-Graded asphalt binder. AASHTO M320. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2010. Standard method of test for viscosity determination of asphalt binder using rotational viscometer. AASHTO T316. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2012. Standard method of test for determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear Rheometer (DSR). AASHTO T315. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2013. Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt Binder (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test). AASHTO T240. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2014. Standard method of test for estimating damage tolerance of asphalt binders using the linear amplitude sweep. AASHTO TP101. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Abdul, A., R. Abdul, M. Che, H. A. Al-Kahtani, and T. S. T. Mansor. 2013. “Date seed and date seed oil.” Int. Food Res. J. 20 (5): 2035–2043.
Ali, A. W., Y. A. Mehta, A. Nolan, C. Purdy, and T. Bennert. 2016. “Investigation of the impacts of aging and RAP percentages on effectiveness of asphalt binder rejuvenators.” Constr. Build. Mater. 110: 211–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.013.
Al-Qadi, I. L., Q. Aurangzeb, S. H. Carpenter, W. J. Pine, and J. Trepanier. 2012. Impact of high RAP contents on structural and performance properties of asphalt mixtures. Washington, DC: FHWA.
Al-Qadi, I. L., M. Elseifi, and S. H. Carpenter. 2007. Reclaimed asphalt pavement—A literature review. Washington, DC: FHWA.
Arabani, M., and S. A. Tahami. 2017. “Assessment of mechanical properties of rice husk ash modified asphalt mixture.” Constr. Build. Mater. 149: 350–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.127.
Arabani, M., S. A. Tahami, and G. H. Hamedi. 2017. “Performance evaluation of dry process crumb rubber-modified asphalt mixtures with nanomaterial.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1302356.
Arabani, M., S. A. Tahami, and M. Taghipoor. 2016. “Laboratory investigation of hot mix asphalt containing waste materials.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 18 (3): 713–729. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2016.1189349.
ASTM. 2004. Standard test method for effect of heat and air on a moving film of asphalt (rolling thin- film oven test). ASTM D2872. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2010. Test method for multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer. ASTM D7405-10a. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2012. Standard Practice for Recovery of Asphalt from Solution Using the Rotary Evaporator. ASTM D5404. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2013a. Standard practice for accelerated aging of asphalt binder using a pressurized aging vessel (PAV). ASTM D6521. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2013b. Standard test method for viscosity determination of asphalt at elevated temperatures using a rotational viscometer. ASTM D4402, Pennsylvania, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2015. Standard Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer. ASTM D4402. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2016. Standard Practice for Determining the Continuous Grading Temperatures and Continuous Grades for PG Graded Asphalt Binders. ASTM D7643. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2017. Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Asphalt Binder from Asphalt Mixtures. ASTM D2172. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Cooper, S. B., Jr., L. N. Mohammad, and M. A. Elseifi. 2017. “Laboratory performance of asphalt mixtures containing recycled asphalt shingles and re-refined engine oil bottoms.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (9): 04017106. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001904.
Copeland, A. 2011. Reclaimed asphalt pavement in asphalt mixtures: State of the practice. Washington, DC: FHWA.
Cortizo, M. S., D. O. Larsen, H. Bianchetto, and J. L. Alessandrini. 2004. “Effect of the thermal degradation of SBS copolymers during the ageing of modified asphalts.” Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 86 (2): 275–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.05.006.
Daniel, J., J. Pochily, and D. Boisvert. 2010. “Can more reclaimed asphalt pavement be added? Study of extracted binder properties from plant-produced mixtures with up to 25% reclaimed asphalt pavement.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2180: 19–29. https://doi.org/10.3141/2180-03.
Dedene, C., J. Mills-Beale, and Z. You. 2011. “Properties of recovered asphalt binder blended with waste engine oil: A preliminary study.” In ICCTP 2011: Towards Sustainable Transportation Systems, 4399–4406. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Dominguez-Rosado, E., and J. Pichtel. 2003. “Chemical characterization of fresh, used and weathered motor oil via GC/MS, NMR and FTIR techniques.” Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 112 (2): 109–116.
FAO (Food Agriculture organization of the United Nations). 2015. Statistics division. Rome, Italy: FAO.
Fini, E. H., E. W. Kalberer, A. Shahbazi, M. Basti, Z. You, H. Ozer, and Q. Aurangzeb. 2011. “Chemical characterization of biobinder from swine manure: Sustainable modifier for asphalt binder.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 23 (11): 1506–1513. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000237.
Foroutan Mirhosseini, A., A. Kavussi, M. H. Jalal Kamali, M. M. Khabiri, and A. Hassani. 2017. “Evaluating fatigue behavior of asphalt binders and mixes containing date seed ash.” J. Civ. Eng. Manage. 23 (8): 1164–1175. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1396560.
Hamedi, G. H., and S. A. Tahami. 2017. “The effect of using anti-stripping additives on moisture damage of hot mix asphalt.” Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 81 (Mar): 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2017.03.016.
Hawthorne, S. B., C. B. Grabanski, E. Martin, and D. J. Miller. 2000. “Comparisons of Soxhlet extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and subcritical water extraction for environmental solids: Recovery, selectivity and effects on sample matrix.” J. Chromatogr. A 892 (1): 421–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00091-1.
Hesp, S. A., A. Soleimani, S. Subramani, T. Phillips, D. Smith, P. Marks, and K. K. Tam. 2009. “Asphalt pavement cracking: Analysis of extraordinary life cycle variability in eastern and northeastern Ontario.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 10 (3): 209–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298430802343169.
Hill, B., D. Oldham, B. Behnia, E. Fini, W. Buttlar, and H. Reis. 2013. “Low-temperature performance characterization of biomodified asphalt mixtures that contain reclaimed asphalt pavement.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2371: 49–57. https://doi.org/10.3141/2371-06.
Hill, D. R., and A. A. Jennings. 2011. Bioasphalt from urban yard waste carbonization: A student study. Washington, DC: FHWA.
Hintz, C., and H. Bahia. 2013. “Simplification of linear amplitude sweep test and specification parameter.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2370: 10–16. https://doi.org/10.3141/2370-02.
Hintz, C., and H. Tabatabaee. 2016. “Spreadsheet for analysis of linear amplitude sweep test.” Accessed August 17, 2017. https://uwmarc.wisc.edu/files.
Huang, S. C., R. E. Robertson, J. F. Branthaver, and J. Claine Petersen. 2005. “Impact of lime modification of asphalt and freeze-thaw cycling on the asphalt-aggregate interaction and moisture resistance to moisture damage.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 17 (6): 711–718. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2005)17:6(711).
Huang, S. C., and T. F. Turner. 2014. “Aging characteristics of RAP blend binders: Rheological properties.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 26 (5): 966–973. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000898.
Jia, X., B. Huang, B. F. Bowers, and S. Zhao. 2014. “Infrared spectra and rheological properties of asphalt cement containing waste engine oil residues.” Constr. Build. Mater. 50: 683–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.10.012.
Kawahara, F. K., J. F. Santner, and E. C. Julian. 1974. “Characterization of heavy residual fuel oils and asphalts by infrared spectrophotometry using statistical discriminant function analysis.” Anal. Chem. 46 (2): 266–273. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60338a034.
Khosla, N. P., H. Nair, B. Visintine, and G. Malpass. 2012. “Effect of reclaimed asphalt and virgin binder on rheological properties of binder blends.” Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 5 (5): 317–325. https://doi.org/10.6135/ijprt.org.tw/2012.5(5).317.
Kim, Y., H. J. Lee, D. N. Little, and Y. R. Kim. 2006. “A simple testing method to evaluate fatigue fracture and damage performance of asphalt mixtures (with discussion).” J. Assoc. Asphalt Pav. 75: 755–788.
Lavin, P. 2003. Asphalt pavements: A practical guide to design, production and maintenance for engineers and architects: Binders. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
McDaniel, R. S., H. Soleymani, R. M. Anderson, P. Turner, and R. Peterson. 2000. Recommended use of reclaimed asphalt pavement in the Superpave mix design method. Washington, DC: National Cooperative Highway Research Program.
Mirhosseini, S. F., M. M. Khabiri, A. Kavussi, and M. J. Kamali. 2016. “Applying surface free energy method for evaluation of moisture damage in asphalt mixtures containing date seed ash.” Constr. Build. Mater. 125: 408–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.056.
Mogawer, W., T. Bennert, J. S. Daniel, R. Bonaquist, A. Austerman, and A. Booshehrian. 2012. “Performance characteristics of plant produced high RAP mixtures.” Supplement, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 13 (S1): 183–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2012.657070.
Moneron, P., Y. Baudru, B. Guieysse, and G. Quaranta. 2000. “La suppression des études préalables dans le cadre du recyclage des enrobés bitumineux à 10% [The abolition of preliminary studies in the context of the recycling of bituminous mixtures at 10%].” [In French.] Revue Generale Des Routes (RGRA) 785: 57–63.
Nahar, S., J. Qiu, A. Schmets, E. Schlangen, M. Shirazi, M. van de Ven, G. Schitter, and A. Scarpas. 2014. “Turning back time: Rheological and microstructural assessment of rejuvenated bitumen.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2444: 52–62. https://doi.org/10.3141/2444-06.
Noferini, L., A. Simone, C. Sangiorgi, and F. Mazzotta. 2017. “Investigation on performances of asphalt mixtures made with reclaimed asphalt pavement: Effects of interaction between virgin and RAP bitumen.” Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 10 (4): 322–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.03.011.
Safaei, F., C. Castorena, and Y. R. Kim. 2016. “Linking asphalt binder fatigue to asphalt mixture fatigue performance using viscoelastic continuum damage modeling.” Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. 20 (3): 299–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11043-016-9304-1.
Shen, J., S. Amirkhanian, and J. Aune Miller. 2007. “Effects of rejuvenating agents on superpave mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 19 (5): 376–384. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:5(376).
Singh, D., D. Sawant, and F. Xiao. 2017. “High and intermediate temperature performance evaluation of crumb rubber modified binders with RAP.” Trans. Geotech. 10: 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2016.10.003.
Stroup-Gardiner, M., and C. Wagner. 1999. “Use of reclaimed asphalt pavement in superpave hot-mix asphalt applications.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1681: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3141/1681-01.
Xiao, F., V. S. Punith, S. N. Amirkhanian, and B. J. Putman. 2013. “Rheological and chemical characteristics of warm mix asphalt binders at intermediate and low performance temperatures.” Can. J. Civ. Eng. 40 (9): 861–868. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2012-0363.
Yang, X., and Z. You. 2015a. “High temperature performance evaluation of bio-oil modified asphalt binders using the DSR and MSCR tests.” Constr. Build. Mater. 76: 380–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.063.
Yang, X., Z. You, and J. Mills-Beale. 2015b. “Asphalt binders blended with a high percentage of biobinders: Aging mechanism using FTIR and rheology.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 27 (4): 04014157. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001117.
Yang, X., Z. P. You, and Q. L. Dai. 2013. “Performance evaluation of asphalt binder modified by bio-oil generated from waste wood resources.” Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 6 (4): 431–439. https://doi.org/10.6135/ijprt.org.tw/2013.6(4).431.
Yao, H., Q. Dai, and Z. You. 2015. “Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterization of aging-related properties of original and nano-modified asphalt binders.” Constr. Build. Mater. 101: 1078–1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.085.
Yao, H., Q. Dai, Z. You, M. Ye, and Y. K. Yap. 2016. “Rheological properties, low-temperature cracking resistance, and optical performance of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets modified asphalt binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 113: 988–996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.152.
Zargar, M., E. Ahmadinia, H. Asli, and M. R. Karim. 2012. “Investigation of the possibility of using waste cooking oil as a rejuvenating agent for aged bitumen.” J. Hazard. Mater. 233: 254–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.021.
Zaumanis, M., R. Mallick, and R. Frank. 2013. “Evaluation of Rejuvenator’s effectiveness with conventional mix testing for 100% reclaimed asphalt pavement mixtures.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2370: 17–25. https://doi.org/10.3141/2370-03.
Zaumanis, M., R. B. Mallick, L. Poulikakos, and R. Frank. 2014. “Influence of six rejuvenators on the performance properties of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binder and 100% recycled asphalt mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 71: 538–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.073.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30 • Issue 8 • August 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 19, 2017
Accepted: Feb 9, 2018
Published online: May 30, 2018
Published in print: Aug 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Oct 30, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.