Technical Papers
Apr 13, 2018

Evaluating the Frost Resistance of Recycled Concrete Aggregate by Various Standards

Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 6

Abstract

In the last few years, use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in road applications has increased. For this application, concerns exist regarding the frost resistance of RCAs and the deicer-salt scaling resistance of concrete containing recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), especially in cold climates. In this investigation, the frost resistance of four types of aggregates, including a natural aggregate (NA) and three types of RCAs, were examined according to a range of standard methods. Also, the deicer-salt scaling resistance of concrete mixes containing the aforementioned aggregates was assessed. Frost resistance tests showed that several of the standard test methods lead to unreliable results for frost resistance of RCAs. The deicer-salt scaling resistance of RACs had an acceptable correlation with only one particular method. In fact, testing concrete specimens containing RCAs is considered the best way to assess the frost resistance of RCAs.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

AASHTO. 2007a. Reclaimed concrete aggregates for use as coarse aggregate in hydraulic cement concrete. AASHTO MP16–07. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2007b. Soundness of aggregates by freezing and thawing. AASHTO T103–07. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
ASTM. 1999. Soundness of aggregate by use of sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate. ASTM C88. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2002. Standard practice for making and curing concrete test specimens in the laboratory. ASTM C192/C192M. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2003a. Standard specification for concrete aggregates. ASTM C33. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2003b. Standard test method for scaling resistance of concrete surfaces exposed to deicing chemicals. ASTM C672. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2004. Standard test method for density, relative density (specific gravity), and absorption of coarse aggregate. ASTM C127. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2006. Standard test method for resistance to degradation of small-size coarse aggregate by abrasion and impact in the Los Angeles machine. ASTM C131. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2008. Standard test method for resistance of concrete to rapid freezing and thawing. ASTM C666. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2002. Compressive strength of test specimens. BS EN 12390–3. London: BSI.
Casuccio, M., M. C. Torrijos, G. Giaccio, and R. Zerbino. 2008. “Failure mechanism of recycled aggregate concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 22 (7): 1500–1506.
Chini, A. R., S. S. Kuo, J. M. Armaghani, and J. P. Duxbury. 2001. “Test of recycled concrete aggregate in accelerated test track.” J. Transp. Eng. 127 (6): 486–492.
CSA (Canadian Standards Association). 2009. Method of test for resistance of unconfined coarse aggregate to freezing and thawing. CSA A23.2-24A. Rexdale, ON, Canada: CSA.
CSA (Canadian Standards Association). 2014. Concrete materials and methods of concrete construction/Test methods and standard practices for concrete. CSA A23.1-09/A23.2-09. Rexdale, ON, Canada: CSA.
De Juan, M. S., and P. A. Gutierrez. 2009. “Study on the influence of attached mortar content on the properties of recycled concrete aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (2): 872–877.
DIN (German Institute for Standardization). 2002. Aggregates for mortar and concrete, Part 100: Recycled aggregates. DIN 4226–100. Berlin: DIN.
EN (European Standards). 2007. Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates part 1: Determination of resistance to freezing and thawing. EN 1367-1, 14. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization.
Etxeberria, M., E. Vazquez, A. Mari, and M. Barra. 2007. “Influence of amount of recycled coarse aggregates and production process on properties of recycled aggregate concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 37 (5): 735–742.
Evangelista, L., and J. De Brito. 2007. “Mechanical behaviour of concrete made with fine recycled concrete aggregates.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 29 (5): 397–401.
Gokce, A., S. Nagataki, T. Saeki, and M. Hisada. 2011. “Identification of frost-susceptible recycled concrete aggregates for durability of concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (5): 2426–2431.
Hudec, P. 1987. “Deterioration of aggregates: The underlying causes, concrete durability.” In Proc., Katherine and Bryant Mather Int. Conf., 1325–1342. Detroit: American Concrete Institute.
Ioannou, I., R. Fournari, and M. F. Petrou. 2013. “Testing the soundness of aggregates using different methodologies.” Constr. Build. Mater. 40: 604–610.
Jacobsen, S., O. W. Rommetvedt, and K. T. Gjengsto. 1998. “Properties and frost durability of recycled aggregate from Oslo, Norway.” In Sustainable Construction: Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate: Proc., Int. Symp. Organized by the Concrete Technology Unit, University of Dundee and held at the Department of Trade and Industry Conference Centre, 189–196. London: Thomas Telford.
Kim, S., H. Ceylan, K. Gopalakrishnan, D. J. White, C. T. Jahren, and T. H. Phan. 2011. “Comparative performance of concrete pavements with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and virgin aggregate subbases.” In Proc., Transportation and Development Institute Congress 2011: Integrated Transportation and Development for a Better Tomorrow, 710–719. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Kwan, W. H., M. Ramli, K. J. Kam, and M. Z. Sulieman. 2012. “Influence of the amount of recycled coarse aggregate in concrete design and durability properties.” Constr. Build. Mater. 26 (1): 565–573.
Lang, A., P. Range, D. Fowler, and J. Allen. 2007. “Prediction of coarse aggregate performance by micro-deval and other soundness, strength, and intrinsic particle property tests.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2026: 3–8.
Marinkovic, S., V. Radonjanin, M. Malesev, and I. Ignjatovic. 2010. “Comparative environmental assessment of natural and recycled aggregate concrete.” Waste Manage. 30 (11): 2255–2264.
MTO (Ontario Ministry of Transportation). 1997. Method of test for scaling resistance of concrete surfaces exposed to deicing chemicals. MTO LS-412 R17. Toronto: MTO.
Mummaneni, S. K. 2011. “Evaluation of Canadian unconfined aggregate freeze-thaw tests for identifying nondurable aggregates.” M.Sc. dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Kansas State Univ. http://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/handle/2097/12030.
Poon, C. S., Z. H. Shui, and L. Lam. 2004. “Effect of microstructure of ITZ on compressive strength of concrete prepared with recycled aggregates.” Constr. Build. Mater. 18 (6): 461–468.
Rahal, K. 2007. “Mechanical properties of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate.” Build. Environ. 42 (1): 407–415.
Snyder, M. B. 2016. “Concrete pavement recycling and the use of recycled concrete aggregate in concrete paving mixtures.” Accessed January 12, 2016. http://www.cproadmap.org/publications/MAPbriefMarch2016.pdf.
Tabsh, S. W., and A. S. Abdelfatah. 2009. “Influence of recycled concrete aggregates on strength properties of concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (2): 1163–1167.
Valenza, J. J., and G. W. Scherer. 2007. “A review of salt scaling. I: Phenomenology.” Cem. Concr. Res. 37 (7): 1007–1021.
Weyers, R. E., G. S. Williamson, D. W. Mokarem, D. S. Lane, and P. D. Cady. 2005. Testing methods to determine long term durability of Wisconsin aggregate resources. Rep. Madison: Wisconsin Dept. of transportation (WisDOT).
Zaharieva, R., F. Buyle-Bodin, and E. Wirquin. 2004. “Frost resistance of recycled aggregate concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 34 (10): 1927–1932.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30Issue 6June 2018

History

Received: Apr 29, 2017
Accepted: Oct 26, 2017
Published online: Apr 13, 2018
Published in print: Jun 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Sep 13, 2018

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Milad Aghili Lotf [email protected]
M.Sc. Candidate, Faculty of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Univ. of Tehran, P.O. Box 4563-11155, Tehran 1417613131, Iran. Email: [email protected]
Amir Mohammad Ramezanianpour [email protected]
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Univ. of Tehran, P.O. Box 4563-11155, Tehran 1417613131, Iran (corresponding author). Email: [email protected]
Massoud Palassi [email protected]
Associate Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Univ. of Tehran, P.O. Box 4563-11155, Tehran 1417613131, Iran. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share