Frost Resistance of Concrete Reinforced Using Surface-Strengthening Materials in Airport Pavements
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 3
Abstract
In cold regions, freeze-thaw cycles cause airport pavements to exhibit numerous failure modes on the surface, thus affecting the normal operations of the airports. To repair surface damage to airport pavements quickly, efficiently, and cheaply, surface-strengthening materials may be added to the concrete to improve its frost resistance. In the current study, several such materials, namely, concrete protectant, polyurea, epoxy resin, and silane (main ingredients), were tested for their performance in pavement concrete samples. A one-sided freeze-thaw cycle experiment was designed and the mass loss, relative dynamic elastic modulus, saturation, and diffusion coefficient were used to evaluate the frost resistance of the reinforced concrete. In order to calculate the diffusion coefficient, the existing diffusion model was extended to take into account moisture diffusion in concrete during freeze-thaw cycles. The mechanisms of frost resistance were further investigated with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that after surface treatments, mass loss and saturation of the concrete decreased, while its relative dynamic elastic modulus increased. The diffusion coefficient exhibited a minimum value with the increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles, with a cutoff around the 42nd cycle. The results demonstrated that for the selected concrete and four strengthening materials, the condensation reaction products of the silane in particular increased the water and frost resistance of the concrete significantly compared with other surface-strengthening materials. The mass loss of concrete was reduced by 66% and the relative elastic modulus was increased by 64.8% for the silane reinforced sample compared with the unreinforced concrete. The saturation and diffusion coefficient of the concrete were also reduced, demonstrating that, among all materials tested in this research, the silane is the most suitable material for surface strengthening of the airport concrete pavement selected for the research, and its optimum dosage is .
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Maojiang Zhu from Air Force Engineering University for his help and comments on this paper. The authors would also like to acknowledge the editors and reviewers of this paper for their very valuable comments and remarks.
References
Code of China. (2009). “Standard for test methods of long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete.” GB/T 50082-2009, Beijing (in Chinese).
Crank, J. (1975). The mathematics of diffusion, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.
Cwirzen, A., and Penttala, V. (2005). “Aggregate-cement paste transition zone properties affecting the salt-frost damage of high-performance concretes.” Cem. Concr. Res., 35(4), 671–679.
Duan, A., Tian, Y., Dai, J. G., and Jin, W. L. (2014). “A stochastic damage model for evaluating the internal deterioration of concrete due to freeze-thaw action.” Mater. Struct., 47(6), 1025–1039.
Fu, Y., Cai, L., and Yonggen, W. (2011). “Freeze-thaw cycle test and damage mechanics models of alkali-activated slag concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(7), 3144–3148.
Giebson, C., Seyfarth, K., and Stark, J. (2010). “Influence of acetate and formate-based deicers on ASR in airfield concrete pavements.” Cem. Concr. Res., 40(4), 537–545.
Henderson, V., and Tighe, S. (2012). “Evaluation of pervious concrete pavement performance in cold weather climates.” Int. J. Pavement Eng., 13(3), 197–208.
Jacobsen, S. (2005). “Calculating liquid transport into high-performance concrete during wet freeze/thaw.” Cem. Concr. Res., 35(2), 213–219.
Jiang, L., and Niu, D. (2016). “Damage degradation law of concrete in sulfate solution and freeze-thaw environment.” J. Cent. South Univ., 47(9), 3208–3216. (in Chinese).
Jiang, L., Niu, D., Yuan, L., and Fei, Q. (2015a). “Durability of concrete under sulfate attack exposed to freeze-thaw cycles.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 112(4), 112–117.
Jiang, L., Weng, X. Z., Yan, X. C., Yang, B. H., Zhang, R. Y., and Liu, J. Z. (2015b). “Moisture diffusion coefficient and internal deterioration evolving rule of concrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles.” J. Cent. South Univ., 46(8), 3118–3123 (in Chinese).
Julie, A., Andrew, J., and Christopher, C. (2011). “Sulfate attack on concrete: Effect of partial immersion.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 572–579.
Liu, Z., and Hansen, W. (2016). “Effect of hydrophobic surface treatment on freeze-thaw durability of concrete.” Cem. Concr. Comp., 69(5), 49–60.
Pan, X., Shi, Z., Shi, C., Ling, T., and Li, N. (2017). “A review on surface treatment for concrete. 2: Performance.” Constr. Build. Mater., 133(2), 81–90.
Ramezanianpour, A. A., Jafari Nadooshan, M., and Peydayesh, M. (2012). “Effect of new composite cement containing volcanic ash and limestone on mechanical properties and salt scaling resistance of concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 1587–1593.
Scherer, G. W., and Valenza, J. J. (2005). “Mechanisms of frost damage.” Mater. Sci. Concr., 7(60), 209–246.
Valenza, J. J., and Scherer, G. W. (2007). “A review of salt scaling. I: Phenomenology.” Cem. Concr. Res., 37(7), 1007–1021.
Whiting, D. (1981). “Rapid determination of the chloride permeability of concrete.”, Construction Technology Laboratories, Skokie, IL.
Zhang, J., Weng, X. Z., Liu, J. Z., Yang, B. H., Wen, X. P., and Wang, T. (2016). “Anti-slip and wear resistance performance of three novel coatings as surface course of airstrip.” Int. J. Pavement Eng., 1–9.
Zhang, X., Diao, B., Sun, Y., and Zhang, W. (2010). “Study of deterioration mechanism of concrete in multi-aggressive and freeze-thaw environment.” J. Build. Struct., 31(2), 111–116 (in Chinese).
Zhao, T. J. (2006). Permeability of concrete, Science Press, Beijing, 32–40.
Ziari, H., Hayati, P., and Sobhani, J. (2014). “Airfield self-consolidating concrete pavements (ASCCP): Mechanical and durability properties.” Constr. Build. Mater., 72(12), 174–181.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30 • Issue 3 • March 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 13, 2017
Accepted: Sep 5, 2017
Published online: Jan 5, 2018
Published in print: Mar 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Jun 5, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.