Phase Diagram and Volume Change of the System for Varying Molar Ratios
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 2
Abstract
Calcium chloride () from deicing salts can react chemically with calcium hydroxide [] from hydrated cement paste to form an expansive product, calcium oxychloride, that can damage concrete. This paper uses two experimental techniques, volume change measurement and low temperature differential scanning calorimetry (LT-DSC), to characterize the phase transitions associated with the formation of calcium oxychloride in the system. The temperature at which calcium oxychloride begins to form increases as the concentration increases, and it is not influenced by the [] molar ratio. Within the testing temperature range, the extent of reaction [the mass percentage of consumed to form calcium oxychloride] increases as the concentration increases; the extent of reaction decreases as the [] molar ratio increases. The temperatures associated with the phase transitions are used to develop phase isopleths for the system for varying concentrations and molar ratios. These phase isopleths are integrated to form a ternary phase diagram of the system. The phase diagram provides a powerful tool to determine the phase transitions in the system as the [] molar ratio varies.
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Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Ready Mix Concrete Association (NRMCA), the Portland Cement Association (PCA), and a pooled fund by the Oklahoma Department of Transportation [TP-5(297)] “Improving Specifications to Resist Frost Damage in Modern Concrete.” The authors also acknowledge insightful discussions with Dr. Vahid Jafari Azad and Professor Burkan Isgor at Oregon State University. The contents of this paper reflect the perspectives of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of a Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration at the time of publication.
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Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30 • Issue 2 • February 2018
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 15, 2016
Accepted: Jul 31, 2017
Published online: Nov 30, 2017
Published in print: Feb 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Apr 30, 2018
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