Sensitivity of Oklahoma Binders on Dynamic Modulus of Asphalt Mixes and Distress Functions
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 24, Issue 8
Abstract
For designing pavements many state agencies, including those in Oklahoma, use the 1993 AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, which is empirical in nature. However, the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) is believed to predict pavement distresses in a more mechanistic approach, on the basis of material properties, local traffic, and climate conditions. Among material properties in the MEPDG, the dynamic modulus () of the asphalt mix is one of the key parameters necessary to achieve the highest level of design reliability. The present study was conducted to estimate values of two commonly used hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixes (S3 and S4) in Oklahoma. Different design reliability levels, on the basis of rheological properties of three performance grade (PG) binders, were considered. These asphalt binders were collected from three different sources in Oklahoma. Furthermore, sensitivities of major pavement distresses, namely, rutting, fatigue cracking, thermal cracking, and roughness to the design reliability, and asphalt binder type and source were evaluated by using the MEPDG software (Version 1.100). It was observed that rotational viscometer (RV) test data overestimate the values in the case of stiff binders. Conversely, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test data predict significantly lower values of asphalt mixes with all PG binders. Among distress factors, the rutting in HMA layers’ was found to be highly sensitive to the design reliability and asphalt binder’s PG grade. The asphalt binder source was also found to be somewhat sensitive to rutting. Other distresses were not significantly influenced by the design reliability, asphalt binder PG grade, and source. The findings of this study are expected to provide transportation professionals with a better understanding of material input parameters that influence values of asphalt mixes and pavement distresses, and assist in implementing the MEPDG for local conditions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like express their sincere appreciation to the ODOT for providing financial support for this study. The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Steve Cross at Oklahoma State University for providing dynamic modulus test data of mixes for this study. The authors would like to acknowledge Mr. Kenneth Hobson at the ODOT for his technical assistance throughout this project. The authors are grateful to Dr. Sheng Hu from the Texas Transportation Institute and Dr. Dar-Hao Chen from the Texas Department of Transportation for their assistance with the Microsoft™ Excel Solver program. The authors are thankful to Mr. Jackson Autrey and Mr. Curtis Doiron, for their assistance in laboratory testing.
References
AASHTO. (2005). “Standard method of test for determining dynamic modulus of hot-mix asphalt concrete mixtures.” AASHTO TP 62-03, Washington, DC.
Abdo, A. A., Bayomy, F., Nielsen, R., Weaver, T., Jung, S. J., and Santi, M. J. (2009). “Prediction of the dynamic modulus of superpave mixes.” Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, Tutumluer, E. and Al-Qadi, I. L., eds., Taylor & Francis Group, London, 305–314.
Bahia, H., Hanz, A., Krebs, S., and Fenley, L. (2009). “Opportunities for WHRP to support WisDOT efforts to implement the MEPDG (DRAFT).” White Paper, Wisconsin Dept. of Transportation and Wisconsin Highway Research Program, Milwaukee, WI.
Bari, J., and Witczak, M. W. (2006). “Development of a new revised version of the Witczak predictive model for hot mix asphalt mixtures.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol.JAAPGG, 75, 381–424.
Birgisson, B., Sholar, G., and Roque, R. R. (2005). “Evaluation of predicted dynamic modulus for Florida mixtures.” Transportation Research Record 1929, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 200–207.
Clyne, T., and Marasteanu, T. R. (2004). “Inventory of properties of Minnesota certified asphalt binders.” Final Research Report No. MN/RC-2004-35, Minnesota Dept. of Transportation, St. Paul, MN.
Cross, S. A., Jakatimath, A., and Sumesh, K. C. (2007). “Determination of dynamic modulus master curves for Oklahoma HMA mixtures.” Final Report, SPR #2177, Oklahoma Dept. of Transportation, Oklahoma City, OK.
El-Badawy, S. M., Jeong, M. G., and El-Basyouny, M. (2009). “Development of a comprehensive methodology to predict alligator fatigue cracking distress based on AC dynamic modulus.” TRB 2009 Annual Meeting Paper (CD-ROM), National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Flintsch, G. W., Loulizi, A., Diefenderfer, S. D., Gala, K. A., and Diefenderfer, B. K. (2007). “Asphalt materials characterization in support of implementation of the proposed mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide.” Research Report No. VTRC 07-CR10, Virginia Dept. of Transportation, Richmond, VA.
Hoegh, K., Khazanovich, L., and Jensen, M. (2010). “Local calibration of MEPDG rutting model for MnRoad test sections.” TRB 2010 Annual Meeting (CD-ROM), January 10–14, 2010, Washington, DC.
Hossain, Z., Zaman, M., and Doiron, C. (2011). “Development of flexible pavement database for local calibration of MEPDG.” Final Report (Draft), SPR #2209, Oklahoma Dept. of Transportation, Oklahoma City, OK.
Khazanovich, L. (2010). “Overview of the MEPDG (2002) pavement design guide.” Presentation Slides, Univ. of MN, Online, 〈http://www.nvfnorden.org/lisalib/getfile.aspx?itemid=3251〉, (March 2010).
Kim, S., Ceylan, H., and Heitzman, M. (2005). “Sensitivity study of design input parameters for two flexible pavement systems using the mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide.” Proc. 2005 Mid-Continent Transportation Research Symp., Center for Transportation Research and Education at Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
King, M., Momen, M., and Kim, Y. R. (2005). “Typical dynamic moduli values of hot mix asphalt in North Carolina and their production.” Compendium of Papers, 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 9–13, 2005, WA, DC.
Ley, T., Kadam, S., Frazier, R., Robertson, B., and Riding, K. (2009). “Development and implementation of a mechanistic and empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG) for rigid pavements.” SPR #2208, Annual Report, FY 2009, Oklahoma Dept. of Transportation, Oklahoma City, OK.
Li, J., Pierce, L. M., and Uhlmeyer, J. (2009). “Calibration of the flexible pavement portion of the mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide for the Washington State Dept. of Transportation.” TRB 2009 Annual Meeting Paper (CD-ROM), January 11–15, 2009, Washington, DC.
NCHRP. (2004). “Guide for mechanistic-empirical design of new and rehabilitated pavement structures.” Final Report 1-37A, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, Chapter 2.
ODOT. (2011). “Oklahoma county traffic counts.” 〈http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/aadtcnt/Default.aspx?list=allYearly〉, (January 2011).
Quintus, H. L. V. (2008). “MEPDG: The future of M-E pavement design.” 2008 UT Asphalt Conf., Design/Materials Session, Utah LTAP Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT.
Roberts, F. L., Kandahal, P. S., and Brown, E. R. (1996). Hot mix asphalt materials, mixture design, and construction, 2nd Ed., NAPA Education Foundation, Lanham, MD.
Shah, A., McDaniel, R., and Gallivan, V. (2005). “Evaluation of mixtures using dynamic modulus tester: Results and practical considerations.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. (AAPT), 74E, Long Beach, CA.
Tran, N. H., and Hall, K. D. (2005). “Evaluating the predictive equation in determining dynamic moduli of typical Asphalt mixtures used in Arkansas.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 74E.
Velasquez, R., et al. (2009). “Implementation of the MEPDG for new and rehabilitated pavement structures for design of concrete and Asphalt pavements in Minnesota.” Report No. MN/RC 2009-06, Minnesota Dept. of Transportation, St. Paul, MN.
Witczak, M. W., Kaloush, K., Pellinen, T., El-Basyouny, M., and Quintus, H. V. (2002). “Simple performance test for superpave mix design.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 465, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 24 • Issue 8 • August 2012
Pages: 1076 - 1088
Copyright
© 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 21, 2011
Accepted: Dec 19, 2011
Published online: Dec 23, 2011
Published in print: Aug 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.