Stochastic Modeling of Service Life of Concrete Structures in Chloride-Laden Environments
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 24, Issue 4
Abstract
Chloride-induced rebar corrosion is a common degradation process for concrete infrastructure, which is a practical concern for cold-climate states and coastal areas. In this work, numeric models based on the FEM are utilized to study service life of concrete structures subject to chloride ingress, where two models are utilized. The first one deals with multiple ionic species in the concrete pore solution, while the second one only accounts for the presence of chloride ions. The stochastic nature of model inputs is taken into consideration because each factor of interest is subject to random variabilities and inherent uncertainties. Specifically, the surface chloride concentrations and concrete cover depth follow the normal distribution; the diffusion coefficients obey the gamma distribution; the actual chloride threshold features the triangular distribution. The nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) to characterize the spatial and temporal evolution of ionic species are numerically solved, the results of which were utilized to elucidate the influence of various factors on concrete service life, such as mix design, surface chloride concentrations, cracking level, and coarse aggregate and concrete cover depth.
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the California Department of Transportation as well as the Research & Innovative Technology Administration (RITA) at the U.S. Department of Transportation for this project. The authors are indebted to the Caltrans Research Manager Peter S. Lee and the technical panel consisting of Rob Reis, Doug Parks, Rudy Lopez, and Charlie Sparkman, for their continued support throughout this project. We owe our thanks to Doran Glauz and Larry McCrum at Caltrans for discussions related to the handling and preparation of the coarse and fine aggregates prior to the batching operations. We appreciate the following professionals who provided assistance to this research: Richard Sullivan (Caltrans), Richard Halverson (Headwaters Resources), Steve Beck (Western Pozzolan Co.), Jim Anderson (BASF/MB Admixtures), Ken McPhalen (Advanced Cement Technologies), Kevin Foody (Boral Material Technologies), Greg Juell (Lehigh Southwest Cement Co.), and Jeff Wiest (Ashgrove Montana City Plant). We also thank Dr. Brett Gunnink of the MSU Civil Engineering Department for coordinating the use of Bulk Materials Laboratory, Concrete Wet Curing Room, and other facilities. Finally, we owe our thanks to the following individuals at the Western Transportation Institute for providing help in various stages of the laboratory investigation: Doug Cross, Zhengxian Yang, Matthew Mooney, and Eric Schon.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 24 • Issue 4 • April 2012
Pages: 381 - 390
Copyright
© 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 19, 2010
Accepted: Oct 6, 2011
Published online: Oct 8, 2011
Published in print: Apr 1, 2012
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