Quantification of Damage in the Dynamic Complex Modulus and Flow Number Tests Using X-Ray Computed Tomography
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 23, Issue 12
Abstract
The dynamic modulus test is conducted based on the assumption that no damage is induced during the testing process and that measurements are conducted within the linear viscoelastic region. In addition, the level of damage that occurs in the flow number test has not been quantified. The objectives of this study are to quantify the levels of damage in the dynamic complex modulus and flow number tests by using X-ray computed tomography (CT) and to characterize the microstructural properties of asphalt mixtures under loading. Four Superpave mixtures, including one conventional hot-mix asphalt (HMA) and three warm-mix asphalt (WMA) mixes, were evaluated. Two WMA processes (i.e., water foaming and Rediset additive) were used in the preparation of the WMA mixes. In addition, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) was used in the preparation of the mixes at a content ranging from 15–30%. Results of the experimental program indicated that the damage incurred in the dynamic modulus test is minimal and homogeneous, but the damage incurred in the flow number test is significant and heterogeneous. In addition, specimen preparation may significantly influence the three-dimensional air voids distribution in HMA.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the Louisiana Board of Regents—Research Competitiveness Subprogram (RCS). The assistance of the Louisiana Transportation Research Center (LTRC) and B. Vallabhu in preparing the asphalt concrete specimens is greatly appreciated.
References
AASHTO. (2007). “Standard method of test for determining dynamic modulus of hot-mix asphalt concrete mixtures.” TP 62-07, Washington, DC.
ARA, Inc. and ERES Consultants Division. (2004). “Guide for mechanistic-empirical design of new and rehabilitated pavement structures.” Final Rep., National Cooperative Highway Research Program Project 1-37A, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC.
Bonaquist, R., and Christensen, D. W. (2005). “A practical procedure for developing dynamic modulus master curves for pavement structural design.” Transportation Research Record 1929, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 208–217.
Bonaquist, R. F., Christensen, D. W., and Stump, W. (2003). “Simple performance tester for superpave mix design: First-article development and evaluation.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program Rep. 513, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Image-Pro Plus Version 4.1 [Computer software]. Media Cybernetics, Bethesda, MD.
Kachanov, L. M. (1986). Introduction to continuum damage mechanics, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Khanum, T., Mulandi, J. N., and Hossain, M. (2008). “Implementation of the 2002 AASHTO design guide for pavement structures in KDOT.” Final Rep. KSU-04-4, Kansas Dept. of Transportation, Topeka, KS.
Kim, Y. R., Daniel, J. S., and Wen, H. (2002). “Fatigue performance evaluation of WesTrack asphalt mixtures using viscoelastic continuum damage approach.” Final Rep. No. FHWA/NC/2002-2004 Prepared for North Carolina Dept. of Transportation, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC.
Koneru, S., Masad, E., and Rajagopal, K. R. (2008). “A thermomechanical framework for modeling the compaction of asphalt mixes.” Mech. Mater., 40(10), 846–864.
Masad, E., Jandhyala, V. K., Dasgupta, N., Somadevan, N., and Shashidhar, N. (2002). “Characterization of air void distribution in asphalt mixes using X-ray computed tomography.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 14(2), 122–129.
Murakami, S. (1988). “Mechanical modeling of material damage.” J. Appl. Mech., 55(2), 280–286.
Tashman, L., Masad, E., Little, D., and Zbib, H. (2005). “A microstructure-based viscoplastic model for asphalt concrete.” Int. J. Plast., 21(9), 1659–1685.
Thyagarajan, S., Tashman, L., Masad, E., and Bayomy, F. (2010). “The heterogeneity and mechanical reponses of hot mix asphalt laboratory specimens.” Int. J. Pavement Eng., 11(2), 107–121.
Witczak, M. W., Kaloush, K., Pellinen, T., El-Basyouny, M., and Von Quintus, H. (2002). “Simple performance test for superpave mix design.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program Rep. 465, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 25, 2010
Accepted: Jun 17, 2011
Published online: Jun 21, 2011
Published in print: Dec 1, 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.