Analysis of Shrinkage and Thermal Stresses in Concrete Slabs Reinforced with GFRP Rebars
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 23, Issue 5
Abstract
The corrosion resistance of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars makes them a promising substitute for conventional steel reinforcing rebars in continuously reinforced concrete pavements (CRCPs). Studies are conducted concerning the effect of using GFRP rebars as reinforcement in CRCP on the concrete stress development, which is directly related to the concrete crack formation that is inevitable in CRCP. In this study, an analytical model of a freely supported reinforced concrete slab is first developed to simulate the shrinkage and thermal stress distributions in concrete owing to the restraint provided by GFRP rebars in comparison with the stresses induced by steel rebars. The results show that the stress level in concrete is reduced with GFRP rebars owing to a low Young’s modulus of GFRP. In addition, the analytical model is utilized to estimate the concrete strain variation in the reinforced concrete slabs resulting from changes in the concrete volume, and the results are compared with the experimental observation. Finite-element (FE) analyses were also conducted to calculate the stress distribution and crack width of a GFRP-reinforced CRCP section subjected to both the concrete shrinkage and thermal change. By using the FE method, the crack spacing and crack width of a CRCP reinforced with GFRP rebars were predicted and compared with those of a steel-reinforced CRCP. The result shows that the crack spacing and the crack width of the GFRP-CRCP are larger than those of the steel-CRCP.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers gratefully acknowledge support from USDOTUSDOT/FHWA DTFH61-99-X-00078 and special thanks to Peter Kopac and Sam Tyson of the FHWA for their valuable comments and support. Appreciation is also extended to Dr. Hota V. GangaRao and Dr. P. V. Vijay of the Constructed Facility Center at West Virginia University for their assistance during this study.
References
AASHTO. (1993). AASHTO guide for design of pavement structures, Washington, DC.
AASHTO. (2008). “Mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide: A manual of practice.” Rep. No. MEPDG-1, Interim Ed., Washington, DC.
Chen, H. L., and Choi, J. H. (2002). “Effects of GFRP reinforcing rebars on shrinkage and thermal stresses in concrete.” Proc., 15th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conf., New York.
Chen, H. L., Choi, J. H., GangaRao, H. V., and Kopac, P. A. (2008). “Steel versus GFRP rebars?” Public Roads, 72(2), 2–10.
Choi, J. H. (2008). “Design and short-term performance of continuously reinforced concrete pavements using glass fiber reinforced polymer rebars.” Ph.D. thesis, West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV.
Choi, J. H., and Chen, H. L. (2003). “Design considerations of GFRP-reinforced CRCP.” Field applications of FRP reinforcement: Case studies, S. Rizkalla and A. Nanni, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 139–158.
Choi, J. H., and Chen, H. L. (2005). “Design of continuously reinforced concrete pavements using glass fiber reinforced polymer rebars.” FHWA-HRT-05-081, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI). (1983). Construction of continuously reinforced concrete pavements, Schaumburg, IL.
Cox, M. A. (1952). “The elasticity and strength of paper and other fibrous materials.” Br. J. Appl. Phys., 3(3), 72–79.
Finke, T. E., and Heberling, T. G. (1978). “Determination of thermal-expansion characteristics of metals using strain gauges.” Exp. Mech., 18, 155–158.
Igarashi, S., Bentur, A., and Kovler, K. (1999). “Stresses and creep relaxation induced in restrained autogenous shrinkage of high strength pastes and concretes.” Adv. Cem. Res., 11(4), 169–177.
Kim, S. M., Won, M. C., and McCullough, B. F. (2001a). “CRCP-9 computer program user’s guide.” Research Rep. 1831-3, Center for Transportation Research, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX.
Kim, S. M., Won, M. C., and McCullough, B. F. (2001b). “CRCP-10 computer program user’s guide.” Research Rep. 1831-4, Center for Transportation Research, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX.
Kim, S. M., Won, M. C., and McCullough, B. F. (2003). “Mechanistic modeling of continuously reinforced concrete pavement.” ACI Struct. J., 100(5), 674–682.
Larralde, J., and Silva-Rodriguez, R. (1993). “Bond and slip of FRP rebars in concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 5(1), 30–40.
McCullough, B. F. (1993). “CRC-highway pave: Design of continuously reinforced concrete pavements for highways.” PC Software Series, Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI), Schaumburg, IL.
Measurements Group. (1986). “Measurement of thermal expansion coefficient using strain gauges.” Tech Note TN-513-1, Vishay Precision Group, Malvern, PA.
Mindess, S., and Young, J. F. (1981). Concrete, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Mosley, W. H., and Bungey, J. H. (1990). Reinforced concrete design, 4th Ed., Macmillan Education, London.
Neff, T. L., and Ray, G. K. (1986). CRCP performance: An evaluation of continuously reinforced concrete pavements in six states, Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI), Schaumburg, IL.
Suh, Y. C., Hankins, K., and McCullough, B. F. (1992). “Early-age behavior of continuously reinforced concrete pavement and calibration of the failure prediction model in the CRCP-7 program.” Research Rep. 1244-3, Center for Transportation Research, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX.
Tayabji, S. D., Stephanos, P. J., Gagnon, J. S., and Zollinger, D. G. (1998a). “Performance of continuously reinforced concrete pavements, Vol. II: Field investigations of CRC pavements.” Publ. No. FHWA-RD-94-179, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA.
Tayabji, S. D., Zollinger, D. G., Vederey, J. R., and Gagnon, J. S. (1998b). “Performance of continuously reinforced concrete pavements, Vol. III: Analysis and evaluation of field test data.” Publ. No. FHWA-RD-94-180, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA.
Vetter, C. P. (1932). “Stresses in reinforced concrete due to volume changes.” ASCE Proceedings, Paper No. 1848.
Wesevich, J. W., McCullough, B. F., and Burns, N. H. (1987). “Stabilized subbase friction study for concrete pavements.” Research Rep. 459-1, Center for Transportation Research, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX.
Won, M. C., Hankins, K., and McCullough, B. F. (1991). “Mechanistic analysis of continuously reinforced concrete pavements considering material characteristics, variability, and fatigue.” Research Rep. 1169-2, Center for Transportation Research, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX.
Xin, D., Zollinger, D. G., and Ray, J. W. (1992). “One-dimensional model for analysis of CRC pavement growth.” J. Transp. Eng., 118(4), 557–575.
Zhang, J., Li, V. C., and Wu, C. (2000). “Influence of reinforcing bars on shrinkage stresses in concrete slabs.” J. Eng. Mech., 126(12), 1297–1300.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 23 • Issue 5 • May 2011
Pages: 612 - 627
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 1, 2009
Accepted: Oct 26, 2010
Published online: Oct 28, 2010
Published in print: May 1, 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.