Effect of Steel Slag and Portland Cement in the Rate of Hydration and Strength of Blast Furnace Slag Pastes
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 23, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study of the influence of steel basic oxygen slag (BOS) and ordinary portland cement (OPC) on the compressive strength and the hydration mechanisms of blended grounded granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) pastes. The compressive strength, the mineralogical changes due to hydration, the setting times, the alkalinity of the raw materials, and the pore solution, and the volume stability were measured on binary and ternary mixes. It is concluded that the steel slag can be used as an activator of GGBS and the optimum composition of those materials was determined with a proposed parameter called “slag index.” The properties measured in blended OPC-GGBS-BOS mixes showed encouraging results to be used industrially. The mechanisms of hydration of the blended slag mixes are discussed and a hydration model of the blended system GGBS-BOS is proposed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Altun, I. A., and Yilmaz, I. (2002). “Study on steel furnace slags with high MgO as additive in Portland cement.” Cem. Concr. Res., 32(8), 1247–1249.
American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee 233. (2003). Slag cement in concrete and mortar, Farmington Hills, Mich.
ASTM. (1997). “Standard practice for use of apparatus for the determination of length change of hardened cement paste, mortar, and concrete.” C490-97, West Conshohocken, Pa.
ASTM. (1998). “Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars (using 2-in. or [50-mm] cube specimens).” C109-98, West Conshohocken, Pa.
ASTM. (2004). “Standard test method for normal consistency of hydraulic cement.” C187-04, West Conshohocken, Pa.
ASTM. (2007). “Standard specification for portland cement.” C150-07, West Conshohocken, Pa.
ASTM. (2008a). “Standard specification for blended hydraulic cements.” C595-08, West Conshohocken, Pa.
ASTM. (2008b). “Standard test methods for time of setting of hydraulic cement by vicat needle.” C191-08, West Conshohocken, Pa.
Barneyback, R. S., Jr., and Diamond, S. (1981). “Expression and analysis of pore fluids from hardened cement pastes and mortars.” Cem. Concr. Res., 11(2), 279–285.
Bin, Q., Wu, X., and Tang, M. (1992). “High strength alkali steel–iron slag binder.” Proc., 9th Int. Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, New Delhi, India, 291–297.
Chatterjee, A. K. (2001). “X-ray diffraction.” Handbook of analytical techniques in concrete science and technology, V. S. Ramachandran and J. J. Beaudoin, eds., Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, N.J.
De Schutter, G. (1999). “Hydration and temperature development of concrete made with blast-furnace slag cement.” Cem. Concr. Res., 29(1), 143–149.
Detwiler, R., Bhatty, J., and Bhattacharja, S. (1996). “Supplementary cementing materials for use in blended cements.” Research and Development Bulletin RD112, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Ill.
Hewlett, P., ed. (1988). Lea’s chemistry of cement and concrete, 4th Ed., Arnold, London.
Kourounis, S., Tsivilis, S., Tsakiridis, P. E., Papadimitriou, G. D., and Tsibouki, Z. (2007). “Properties and hydration of blended cements with steelmaking slag.” Cem. Concr. Res., 37(6), 815–822.
Mahieux, P. Y., Aubert, J. E., and Escadeillas, G. (2009). “Utilization of weathered basic oxygen furnace slag in the production of hydraulic road binders.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(2), 742–747.
Matschei, T., Bellmann, F., and Stark, J. (2005). “Hydration behaviour of sulphate-activated slag cements.” Adv. Cem. Res., 17(4), 167–178.
Monshi, A., and Asgarani, M. K. (1999). “Producing portland cement from iron and steel slags and limestone.” Cem. Concr. Res., 29(9), 1373–1377.
Qasrawi, H., Shalabi, F., and Asi, I. (2009). “Use of low CaO unprocessed steel slag in concrete as fine aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(2), 1118–1125.
Rai, A., Prabakar, J., Raju, C. B., and Morchalle, R. K. (2002). “Metallurgical slag as a component in blended cement.” Constr. Build. Mater., 16(8), 489–494.
Roy, D. M., and Idorn, G. M. (1982). “Hydration, structure, and properties of blast furnace slag cements, mortars, and concrete.” ACI Journal, 79(6), 444–457.
Sakata, K., Ayano, T., and Fuji, T. (2007). “Use of steel making slag in concrete as sustainable construction materials.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, University of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 131–141.
Shi, C. (2004). “Steel slag—Its production, processing, characteristics, and cementitious properties.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 16(3), 230–236.
Shi, C., and Day, R. L. (1995). “A calorimetric study of early hydration of alkali-slag cements.” Cem. Concr. Res., 25(6), 1333–1346.
Song, S., and Jennings, H. M. (1999). “Pore solution chemistry of alkali-activated ground granulated blast-furnace slag.” Cem. Concr. Res., 29(2), 159–170.
Tailing, B., and Krivenko, P. (1997). “Blast furnace slag—The ultimate binder.” Waste materials used in concrete manufacturing, S. Chandra, ed., Noyes Publications, Westwood, N.J.
Taylor, H. F. W. (1990). Cement chemistry, Academic Press, London.
Tsakiridis, P. E., Papadimitriou, G. D., Tsivilis, S., and Koroneos, C. (2008). “Utilization of steel slag for Portland cement clinker production.” J. Hazard. Mater., 152(2), 805–811.
Xuequan, W., Hong, Z., Xinkai, H., and Husen, L. (1999). “Study on steel slag and fly ash composite Portland cement.” Cem. Concr. Res., 29(7), 1103–1106.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2011 ASCE.
History
Received: Jul 2, 2009
Accepted: Jul 2, 2010
Published online: Jul 5, 2010
Published in print: Feb 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.