Structural Design and Lifecycle Assessment of Heated Pavement Using Conductive Asphalt
Publication: Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Volume 24, Issue 3
Abstract
Snow and ice on pavements would affect the mobility and safety of motorists unfavorably. As a cost-effective and pollution-free solution, this study proposes a heated pavement system using multifunctional conductive asphalt concrete containing graphite filler. The objective of this study is to find an efficient structural design for heated pavement and to evaluate its environmental, economic, and social impacts. The objectives were achieved through a three-stage methodology: a bench scale slab heating test and measurement of material properties, a set of parametric study using a nonsteady state heat transfer model, and lifecycle assessment. Based on the heat transfer analysis results, the location and thickness of the conductive layer that maximize the energy efficiency is proposed. The lifecycle assessment results champion the practical and sustainable applications of the heated pavement from the three-pillar perspective, conveying the fact that the initial high installment cost was eventually recouped by a substantial reduction in maintenance cost. The results and findings of this study will promote a wider adoption of the conductive asphalt concrete for sustainable infrastructure development and maintenance.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The research presented in this paper was supported in part by the Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT).
References
Ahmed, Z., I. Marukic, S. Zaghloul, and N. Vitillo. 2005. “Validation of enhanced integrated climatic model predictions with New Jersey seasonal monitoring data.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1913: 148–161. https://doi.org/10.3141/1913-15.
Anand, P., H. Ceylan, K. Gkritza, P. Talor, V. D. Pyrialakou, S. Kim, and K. Gopalakrishnan. 2014. “Cost comparison of alternative airfield snow removal methodologies.” In Proc., Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Conf. Presentations and Proc. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State Univ. Digital Repository.
ASTM. 2001. Standard specification for hot-mixed, hot-laid bituminous paving mixtures. ASTM D3515-01. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2003. Standard test method for theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of bituminous paving mixtures. ASTM D2041-03. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2005. Standard test method for percent air voids in compacted dense and open bituminous paving mixtures. ASTM D3203-05. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2006. Standard test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates. ASTM C136-06. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2007. Standard test method for bulk specific gravity and density of compacted bituminous mixtures using coated samples. ASTM D1188-07. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Chen, F., M. Z. Chen, S. P. Wu, and J. Z. Zhang. 2012. “Research on pavement performance of steel slag conductive asphalt concrete for deicing and snow melting.” Key Eng. Mater. 509: 168–174. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.509.168.
Chen, M., S. Wu, H. Wang, and J. Zhang. 2011. “Study of ice and snow melting process on conductive asphalt solar collector.” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95 (12): 3241–3250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2011.07.013.
Choi, K., H. W. Lee, Z. Mao, S. Lavy, and B. Y. Ryoo. 2015. “Environmental, economic, and social implications of highway concrete rehabilitation alternatives.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 142 (2): 04015079. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001063.
Chung, D. D. L. 2003. Multifunctional cement-based materials. New York: Marcel Dekker.
CMU (Carnegie Mellon University). 2011. “EIO-LCA: Free, fast, easy life cycle assessment.” Accessed July 2, 2016. http://www.eiolca.net.
García, Á., E. Schlangen, M. Van de Ven, and Q. Liu. 2009. “Electrical conductivity of asphalt mortar containing conductive fibers and fillers.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (10): 3175–3181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.06.014.
Gibson, R. F. 2010. “A review of recent research on mechanics of multifunctional composite materials and structures.” Compos. Struct. 92 (12): 2793–2810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2010.05.003.
Gui, J., P. E. Phelan, K. E. Kaloushi, and J. S. Golden. 2007. “Impact of pavement thermophysical properties on surface temperatures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 19 (8): 683–690. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:8(683).
Han, R., X. Jin, and C. J. Glover. 2011. “Modeling pavement temperature for use in binder oxidation models and pavement performance prediction.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 23 (4): 351–359. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000169.
Henderson, D. 1963. “Experimental roadway heating project on a bridge approach/and discussion.” Highway Res. Rec. 14: 14–23.
Hermansson, A. 2000. “Simulation model for calculating pavement temperatures including maximum temperature.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1699: 134–141. https://doi.org/10.3141/1699-19.
Hermansson, A. 2001. “Mathematical model for calculation of pavement temperatures: Comparison of calculated and measured temperatures.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1764: 180–188. https://doi.org/10.3141/1764-19.
Heymsfield, E., A. Osweiler, P. Selvam, and M. Kuss. 2014. “Developing anti-icing airfield runways using conductive concrete with renewable energy.” J. Cold Reg. Eng. 28 (2): 04014001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CR.1943-5495.
Hopstock, D., and L. M. Zanko. 2005. Minnesota taconite as a microwave-absorbing road aggregate material for deicing and pothole patching applications-final report. Minneapolis, MN: Intelligent Transportation Systems Institute Center for Transportation Studies.
Huang, B., X. Chen, and X. Shu. 2009. “Effects of electrically conductive additives on laboratory-measured properties of asphalt mixtures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 21 (10): 612–617. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2009)21:10(612).
Kuemmel, D. E. 1994. Managing roadway snow and ice control operations. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Academic Press.
Lee, H. G. 2012. “Electric coil installed road melting snow, good idea but…” Accessed December 6, 2012. http://media.daum.net/v/20121206210309052.
Lee, K. W. W., and A. J. Correia. 2010. A pilot study for investigation of novel methods to harvest solar energy from asphalt pavements. Goyang, Korea: Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology.
Lee, R. C., J. Sackos, J. Nydahl, and K. Pell. 1984. “Bridge heating using ground-source heat pipes.” Transp. Res. Rec. 962: 51–56.
Löfgren, S. 2001. “The chemical effects of deicing salt on soil and stream water of five catchments in southeast Sweden.” Water Air Soil Pollution 130 (1–4): 863–868. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013895215558.
Minhoto, M. J., J. Pais, P. Pereira, and L. Picado-Santos. 2005. “Predicting asphalt pavement temperature with a three-dimensional finite element method.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1919 (1): 96–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191900111.
Minsk, L. D. 1968. “Electrically conductive asphalt for control of snow and ice accumulation.” Highway Res. Rec. 227: 57–63.
Mrawira, D. M., and J. Luca. 2002. “Thermal properties and transient temperature response of full-depth asphalt pavements.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1809: 160–171. https://doi.org/10.3141/1809-18.
NAPA (National Asphalt Pavement Association). 2009. Black and green: Sustainable asphalt, now and tomorrow. Lanham, MD: NAPA.
Nemat-Nasser, S., S. Nemat-Nasser, T. Plaisted, A. Starr, and A. V. Amirkhizi. 2005. “Multifunctional materials.” In Biomimetics: Biologically inspired technologies, 309–340. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis Group.
Newcomb, D. E., M. Buncher, and I. J. Huddleston. 2001. “Concepts of perpetual pavements.” Transp. Res. Circ. 503: 4–11.
Nixon, W. A. 1993. Improved cutting edges for ice removal. Washington, DC: Strategic Highway Research Program.
Park, P. 2012. “Characteristics and applications of high-performance fiber reinforced asphalt concrete.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Michigan.
Park, P., Y. Rew, and A. Baranikumar. 2014. Controlling conductivity of asphalt concrete with graphite. College Station, TX: Texas A&M Transportation Institute.
Rew, Y., A. Baranikumar, A. V. Tamashausky, S. El-Tawil, and P. Park. 2017. “Electrical and mechanical properties of asphaltic composites containing carbon based fillers.” Constr. Build. Mater. 135: 394–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.221.
RSMeans. 2002. Heavy civil construction cost data. Kingston, MA: RSMeans.
Sanzo, D., and S. J. Hecnar. 2006. “Effects of road de-icing salt (NaCl) on larval wood frogs.” Environ. Pollution 140 (2): 247–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.07.013.
Shi, X., Y. Rew, E. Ivers, C. S. Shon, E. M. Stenger, and P. Park. 2017. “Effects of thermally modified asphalt concrete on pavement temperature.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 19 (3): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2017.1326234.
Solaimanian, M., and T. W. Kennedy. 1993. “Predicting maximum pavement surface temperature using maximum air temperature and hourly solar radiation.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1417: 1–11.
US Energy Information Administration. 2014. “Average price of electricity to ultimate customers by end-use sector.” Accessed July 2, 2016. https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher.cfm?t=epmt_5_6_a.
USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 2011. “Defining life cycle assessment.” Accessed November 24, 2012. http://www.gdrc.org/ uem/lca/lca-define.html.
Wang, K., D. E. Nelsen, and W. A. Nixon. 2006. “Damaging effects of deicing chemicals on concrete materials.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 28 (2): 173–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2005.07.006.
Williams, D. D., N. E. Williams, and Y. Cao. 2000. “Road salt contamination of groundwater in a major metropolitan area and development of a biological index to monitor its impact.” Water Res. 34 (1): 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00129-3.
Wu, S., P. Pan, M. Chen, and Y. Zhang. 2012. “Analysis of characteristics of electrically conductive asphalt concrete prepared by multiplex conductive materials.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 25 (7): 871–879. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000565.
Yang, Z. J., T. Yang, G. Song, and M. Singla. 2012. Experimental study on an electrical deicing technology utilizing carbon fiber tape-final report. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Univ. Transportation Center.
Yavuzturk, C., K. Ksaibati, and A. Chiasson. 2005. “Assessment of temperature fluctuations in asphalt pavements due to thermal environmental conditions using a two-dimensional, transient finite-difference approach.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 17 (4): 465–475. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2005)17:4(465).
Yehia, S. A., and C. Y. Tuan. 2000. “Thin conductive concrete overlay for bridge deck deicing and anti-icing.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1698 (1): 45–53. https://doi.org/10.3141/1698-07.
Yunus, A. C. 2003. Heat transfer: A practical approach. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
Zenewitz, J. A. 1977. Survey of alternatives to the use of chlorides for highway deicing. Washington, DC: US Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Offices of Research and Development.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 16, 2017
Accepted: Apr 23, 2018
Published online: Jul 9, 2018
Published in print: Sep 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Dec 9, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.