Dynamic Modulus Model of Hot Mix Asphalt: Statistical Analysis Using Joint Estimation and Mixed Effects
Publication: Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Volume 24, Issue 3
Abstract
This paper presents the specification and estimation of a model for hot-mix asphalt dynamic modulus using 6,821 observations of 265 specimens from three different data sets containing variables in common such as air voids, binder content, and gradation and variables about mix characteristics and testing conditions not available in some data sets, such as confinement level, number of freeze-thaw cycles, antistripping agents, and fibers. The model parameters were estimated using joint estimation and mixed effects. Joint estimation allowed the identification of parameters from information available only in some data sets and the determination of bias parameters. It also resulted in more efficient parameter estimates derived from all data sets. The mixed-effects approach was used to account for unobserved heterogeneities between samples. Together with proper consideration of heteroskedasticity, these approaches allowed the estimation of a comprehensive model closely satisfying all regression assumptions, providing accurate values of for any combination of temperature and frequency, and accounting for different testing conditions, component materials, and mixture volumetrics. All the previous factors were found to be statistically significant and to affect dynamic modulus according to a priori expectations. This paper discusses the characteristics of the data sets, the model specification, and general statistical results.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The financial support of the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT)—Airports Division (Honolulu International Airport) and the University Transportation Center for Highway Pavement Preservation is greatly appreciated and acknowledged. The contents of this paper reflect the view of the writers, who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration. The contents contained herein do not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The authors are grateful to Mr. Gaudencio Lopez, P.E. and Oahu District Engineer, Honolulu International Airport for his support and to the National Laboratory of Materials and Structural Models (Lanamme) of the University of Costa Rica (UCR) for sharing their data.
References
AASHTO. 2016. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 35th ed. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Andrei, D., M. W. Witczak, and M. W. Mirza. 1999. Development of a revised predictive model for the dynamic (complex) modulus of asphalt mixtures. College Park, MD: Univ. of Maryland.
ARA and ERES Consultants Division. 2004. Guide for mechanistic–empirical design of new and rehabilitated pavement structures. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.
Archilla, A. R. 2000. “Development of rutting progression models by combining data from multiple sources.” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of California at Berkeley.
Archilla, A. R. 2010. “Developing master curve models for the local conditions: A case study for Hawaii.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 79: 278–308.
Archilla, A. R., and J. P. Corrales-Azofeifa. 2016. “Effects of confinement on the dynamic modulus of hot asphalt mixtures and interaction with binder/fiber combinations and air voids.” Transportation Research Board (TRB) 95th Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Archilla, A. R., and S. M. Madanat. 2001. “Estimation of rutting models by combining data from different sources.” J. Transp. Eng. 127 (5): 379–389. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2001)127:5(379).
Archilla, A. R., P. S. K. Ooi, and K. G. Sandefur. 2007. “Estimation of a resilient modulus model for cohesive soils using joint estimation and mixed-effects.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 133 (8): 984–994. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:8(984).
Bari, J., and M. W. Witczak. 2006. “Development of a new revised version of the Witczak E* predictive model for hot mix asphalt mixtures.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 75: 381–424.
Corrales, J. P. 2016. “A statistical dynamic modulus model of hot mix asphalt using joint estimation and mixed-effects accounting for effects of confinement, moisture and additives.” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa.
Davidian, M., and Giltinan, D. M. 1995. Nonlinear models for repeated measurement data. London, UK: Chapman & Hall.
Kim, Y., and J. S. Lutif. 2006. Material selection and design consideration for moisture damage of asphalt pavements. Lincoln, NE: Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Morikawa, T., M. Ben-Akiva, and K. Yamada. 1991. Forecasting intercity rail ridership using revealed preference and stated preference data, 30–35. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Nadkarni, A. A., K. E. Kaloush, W. A. Zeiada, and K. P. Biligiri. 2009. Using dynamic modulus test to evaluate moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures, 29–35. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.
Pellinen, T. K., M. W. Witczak, M. Marasteanu, G. Chehab, S. Alavi, and R. Dongre. 2002. “Stress-dependent master curve construction for dynamic (complex) modulus.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 71: 281–309.
Pierce, L. M., and G. McGovern. 2014. Implementation of the AASHTO mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide and software. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.
Pinheiro, J. A., and D. M. Bates. 2000. Mixed-effects models in S and S-plus. New York, NY: Springer.
Prozzi, J. A., and S. M. Madanat. 2004. “Development of pavement performance models by combining experimental and field data.” J. Infrastruct. Syst. 10 (1): 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2004)10:1(9).
Robbins, M., and D. Timm. 2011. “Evaluation of dynamic modulus predictive equations for southeastern United States asphalt mixtures.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2210: 122–129. https://doi.org/10.3141/2210-14.
Shenoy, A., and P. Romero. 2002. Standardized procedure for analysis of dynamic modulus E*| data to predict asphalt pavement distresses, 173–182. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.
Solaimanian, M., D. Fedor, R. Bonaquist, A. Soltani, and V. Tandon. 2006. “Simple performance test for moisture damage prediction in asphalt concrete.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 75: 345–380.
Vargas Nordcbeck, A., F. Leiva-Villacorta, J. P. Aguiar-Moya, and L. Loria-Salazar. 2016. Evaluating moisture susceptibility of asphalt concrete mixtures through simple performance tests, 70–78. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 6, 2017
Accepted: Feb 14, 2018
Published online: May 31, 2018
Published in print: Sep 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Oct 31, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.