Effect of Gypsum Content on CSAB Cement-Based Immobilization of Se and SO4 from Industrial Filter Sludge and Sodium–Selenium Salts
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 25, Issue 3
Abstract
Release of different heavy metals from various industries is a significant environmental hazard worldwide. In order to reduce the threat from these chemicals, different treatment methods are needed to make them harmless. This study approaches the problem by examining the effect of gypsum content for immobilization of selenium oxyanions selenite and selenate, and sulfate, with calcium sulfoaluminate belite (CSAB) cement-based ettringite binder systems. The study has two experimental sections. In the first section, an industrial filter sludge with high concentrations of selenium and sulfate is immobilized with CSAB and varying amounts of gypsum. The immobilization is efficient and reducing the gypsum amount in the hydrating mixture enhances the incorporation of both selenium and sulfate. The binding occurs through encapsulation and incorporation into ettringite and other hydrated phases. In the second section, two reagent grade sodium–selenium salts, sodium selenite and sodium selenate, are mixed with CSAB and varying amounts of gypsum. The immobilization is not effective and ettringite is not formed in large quantities, most likely due to high sodium content in the reacting system.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Elisa Wirkkala, Jarno Karvonen and Jani Österlund for their assistance with the laboratory experiments.
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Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 25 • Issue 3 • July 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 3, 2020
Accepted: Mar 26, 2021
Published online: Apr 28, 2021
Published in print: Jul 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Sep 28, 2021
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