Electron Beam as an Effective Wastewater Treatment Technology in Lab-Scale Application
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 25, Issue 2
Abstract
Wastewater containing a high concentration of organic and emerging pollutants has been and remains a common and urgent issue, though many conventional methods are losing their effectiveness due to wastewater's chemical complexity. Electron beam (EB) is a common type of irradiation used in wastewater treatment, as it has the ability to create free radicals to break down chemical bonds, which is beneficial for treating modern wastewater complex matrix. As a result, many systems have been developed that make EB cheaper and easier to scale up. This paper reviews the application of EB in wastewater treatment along with many factors (especially scavengers) attributing to the effectiveness of this treatment. It has been proven that EB is used in a variety of ways and is ultimately effective in wastewater treatments. However, in order to achieve high efficiency, EB has been utilized in a relatively high dose, which results from the competition between scavengers and target compounds and the complex structure of many organic compounds. Also, the subordinate radical forming also plays an important role in the pollutants degradation by using EB when there is still a limitation in this field. It is important to perform more research on scavengers and secondary radicals in order to overcome the limitation of EB and make it become state-of-the-art technology.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under Grant No. 105.08-2019.22
References
Abdou, L. A. W., O. A. Hakeim, M. S. Mahmoud, and A. M. El-Naggar. 2011. “Comparative study between the efficiency of electron beam and gamma irradiation for treatment of dye solutions.” Chem. Eng. J. 168 (2): 752–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.071.
Buxton, G. V., C. L. Greenstock, W. P. Helman, and A. B. Ross. 1988. “Critical review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH/⋅O− in aqueous solution.” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 17 (2): 513–886. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555805.
Capodaglio, A. G. 2017. “High-energy oxidation process: An efficient alternative for wastewater organic contaminants removal.” Clean Technol. Environ. Policy 19 (8): 1995–2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-017-1410-5.
Changotra, R., J. P. Guin, S. A. Khader, L. Varshney, and A. Dhir. 2019. “Electron beam induced degradation of ofloxacin in aqueous solution: Kinetics, removal mechanism and cytotoxicity assessment.” Chem. Eng. J. 356: 973–984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.08.156.
Deogaonkar, S. C., P. Wakode, and K. P. Rawat. 2019. “Electron beam irradiation post treatment for degradation of non biodegradable contaminants in textile wastewater.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 165: 108377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108377.
Duarte, C. L., L. L. Geraldo, O. d. A. P. Junior, S. I. Borrely, I. M. Sato, and M. H. d. O. Sampa. 2004. “Treatment of effluents from petroleum production by electron beam irradiation.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 71 (1–2): 445–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.03.021.
Getoff, N. 1995. “Radiation-induced degradation of water pollutants: State of the art.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 46 (4–6): 1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-806X(95)00325-R.
Han, B., J. Ko, J. Kim, Y. Kim, W. Chung, I. E. Makarov, A. V. Ponomarev, and A. K. Pikaev. 2002. “Combined electron-beam and biological treatment of dyeing complex wastewater. Pilot plant experiments.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 64 (1): 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00452-2.
He, S., W. Sun, J. Wang, L. Chen, Y. Zhang, and J. Yu. 2016. “Enhancement of biodegradability of real textile and dyeing wastewater by electron beam irradiation.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 124: 203–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.11.033.
He, S., J. Wang, L. Ye, Y. Zhang, and J. Yu. 2014. “Removal of diclofenac from surface water by electron beam irradiation combined with a biological aerated filter.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 105: 104–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.05.019.
Kim, T.-H., J.-K. Lee, and M.-J. Lee. 2007. “Biodegradability enhancement of textile wastewater by electron beam irradiation.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 76 (6): 1037–1041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2006.10.001.
Kim, T.-H., S. Yu, Y. Choi, T.-Y. Jeong, and S. D. Kim. 2018. “Profiling the decomposition products of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) irradiated using an electron beam.” Sci. Total Environ. 631–632: 1295–1303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.055.
Kurilova, A. A., A. V. Poloskov, M. V. Chubik, and D. V. Ponomarev. 2015. “Application of electron beam for wastewater disinfection.” Procedia Chem. 15: 187–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2015.10.030.
Lim, S. J., and T.-H. Kim. 2015. “Combined treatment of swine wastewater by electron beam irradiation and ion-exchange biological reactor system.” Sep. Purif. Technol. 146: 42–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015.03.021.
Makarov, I. E., P. K. Metreveli, A. K. Metreveli, and A. V. Ponomarev. 2014. “The effect of electron irradiation on aqueous dispersions of humic acids and lignin.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 97: 12–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.10.010.
Metreveli, P. K., E. M. Kholodkova, and A. V. Ponomarev. 2016. “Destabilization of water-organic dispersions under the influence of an electron beam.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 124: 216–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.09.017.
O’Rourke, B. E., et al. 2020. “Design and construction of an electron accelerator for a pulsed neutron facility at AIST.” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 464: 41–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2019.11.041.
Pikaev, A. K., E. A. Podzorova, and O. M. Bakhtin. 1997. “Combined electron-beam and ozone treatment of wastewater in the aerosol flow.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 49 (1): 155–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(96)00128-4.
Pikaev, A. K., A. V. Ponomarev, A. V. Bludenko, V. N. Minin, and L. M. Elizar’eva. 2001. “Combined electron-beam and coagulation purification of molasses distillery slops. Features of the method, technical and economic evaluation of large-scale facility.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 61 (1): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(00)00377-7.
Ponomarev, A. V., A. V. Bludenko, I. E. Makarov, A. K. Pikaev, D. Kyung Kim, Y. Kim, and B. Han. 1997. “Combined electron-beam and adsorption purification of water from mercury and chromium using materials of vegetable origin as sorbents.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 49 (4): 473–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(96)00148-X.
Pottier, J. 1989. “A new type of rf electron accelerator: The rhodotron.” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 40–41: 943–945. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(89)90512-0.
Praveen, C., P. R. Jesudhasan, R. S. Reimers, and S. D. Pillai. 2013. “Electron beam inactivation of selected microbial pathogens and indicator organisms in aerobically and anaerobically digested sewage sludge.” Bioresour. Technol. 144: 652–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.034.
Rawat, K. P., and K. S. S. Sarma. 2013. “Enhanced biodegradation of wastewater with electron beam pretreatment.” Appl. Radiat. Isot. 74: 6–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.12.013.
Remnev, G. E., E. G. Furman, A. I. Pushkarev, S. B. Karpuzov, N. A. Kondrat’ev, and D. V. Goncharov. 2004. “A high-current pulsed accelerator with a matching transformer.” Instrum. Exp. Tech. 47 (3): 394–398. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:INET.0000032909.92515.b7.
Sakumoto, A., and T. Miyata. 1984. “Treatment of waste water by a combined technique of radiation and conventional method.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 24 (1): 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-5724(84)90010-4.
Sasuga, T., N. Hayakawa, K. Yoshida, and M. Hagiwara. 1985. “Degradation in tensile properties of aromatic polymers by electron beam irradiation.” Polymer 26 (7): 1039–1045. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(85)90226-5.
Schuler, R. H., A. L. Hartzell, and B. Behar. 1981. “Track effects in radiation chemistry. Concentration dependence for the scavenging of hydroxyl by ferrocyanide in nitrous oxide-saturated aqueous solutions.” J. Phys. Chem. 85 (2): 192–199. https://doi.org/10.1021/j150602a017.
Shao, H., M. Wu, F. Deng, G. Xu, N. Liu, X. Li, and L. Tang. 2018. “Electron beam irradiation induced degradation of antidepressant drug fluoxetine in water matrices.” Chemosphere 190: 184–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.133.
Shvedunov, V. I., et al. 2019. “Electron accelerators design and construction at Lomonosov Moscow State University.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 159: 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.02.044.
Szabó, L., O. Gyenes, J. Szabó, K. Kovács, A. Kovács, G. Kiskó, Á Belák, C. Mohácsi-Farkas, E. Takács, and L. Wojnárovits. 2018. “Electron beam treatment for eliminating the antimicrobial activity of piperacillin in wastewater matrix.” J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 58: 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2017.09.002.
Szabó, L., M. Steinhardt, R. Homlok, K. Kovács, E. Illés, G. Kiskó, Á Belák, C. Mohácsi-Farkas, E. Takács, and L. Wojnárovits. 2017a. “A microbiological assay for assessing the applicability of advanced oxidation processes for eliminating the sublethal effects of antibiotics on selection of resistant bacteria.” Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 4 (6): 251–255. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00127.
Szabó, L., J. Szabó, E. Illés, A. Kovács, Á Belák, C. Mohácsi-Farkas, E. Takács, and L. Wojnárovits. 2017b. “Electron beam treatment for tackling the escalating problems of antibiotic resistance: Eliminating the antimicrobial activity of wastewater matrices originating from erythromycin.” Chem. Eng. J. 321: 314–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.03.114.
Tallentire, A., A. Miller, and J. Helt-Hansen. 2010. “A comparison of the microbicidal effectiveness of gamma rays and high and low energy electron radiations.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 79 (6): 701–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2010.01.010.
Thihara Rodrigues, F., E. Marchioni, S. Lordel-Madeleine, F. Kuntz, A. L. Casañas Haasis Villavicencio, and D. Julien-David. 2020. “Degradation of profenofos in aqueous solution and in vegetable sample by electron beam radiation.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 166: 108441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108441.
Ting, T.-M., and N. Jamaludin. 2008. “Decolorization and decomposition of organic pollutants for reactive and disperse dyes using electron beam technology: Effect of the concentrations of pollutants and irradiation dose.” Chemosphere 73 (1): 76–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.05.007.
Trojanowicz, M. 2020. “Removal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from waters and wastewaters by the use of ionizing radiation.” Sci. Total Environ. 718: 134425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134425.
Wang, L., B. Batchelor, S. D. Pillai, and V. S. V. Botlaguduru. 2016. “Electron beam treatment for potable water reuse: Removal of bromate and perfluorooctanoic acid.” Chem. Eng. J. 302: 58–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.05.034.
Yang, Y., L. Chen, D.-Y. Li, R.-B. Yi, J.-W. Mo, M.-H. Wu, and G. Xu. 2019. “Controllable reduction of graphene oxide by electron-beam irradiation.” RSC Adv. 9 (7): 3597–3604. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA06797J.
Zaki, A. A., and N. A. El-Gendy. 2014. “Removal of metal ions from wastewater using EB irradiation in combination with HA/TiO2/UV treatment.” J. Hazard. Mater. 271: 275–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.02.025.
Zhao, K., et al. 2002. “Peking university superconducting accelerator facility for free electron laser.” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 483 (1–2): 125–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(02)00296-6.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 25 • Issue 2 • April 2021
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Dec 2, 2020
Published in print: Apr 1, 2021
Discussion open until: May 2, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.