Effects of Subsoil Hardpan on the Leaching of Zinc and Copper in Soils Amended with Swine Manure
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 15, Issue 4
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of subsoil hardpan on the leaching of zinc and copper fractions in soil amended with swine manure (SM plot) and chemical fertilizer (CF plot) for 13 years. Soil samples were taken from the layered soil profile from each plot to examine the vertical distribution of fraction, mobility, and soil physical properties. Metal fraction and mobility were evaluated by using a six-step sequential extraction procedure. The water-soluble and exchangeable fraction (EXCH), extractable fraction (NaOAc), Me-Org-zinc, and Me-Org-copper (metal-organic complex fraction) increased in the plow layer of SM plot. The transition layer between the plow and subsoil hardpan was an obstacle to the leaching of NaOAc-Zn and exchangeable zinc owing to adsorption of metals and the underlying low-permeability layer. As a result, the migration of NaOAc-zinc and exchangeable zinc was negligible, whereas a significant amount of water-soluble zinc, Me-Org-zinc, and copper easily leached to the subsoil hardpan in the SM plot compared to the CF plot. This study provides a detailed knowledge about the leaching of high mobility heavy metals in layered soil and has implications for an accurate evaluation of environmental risk from manure treatment.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Mr. Kaneaki Hori and Mr. Jun-ichi Ikeda and other staff at the Laboratory of Soil Ecosystems at the Vegetable Research Station of the National Agricultural Research Center for the Western Region, Japan, for their assistance with experiments. The support and collaboration of Mr. Koki Toyota from Tokyo University of Agricultural and Technology, Japan, is also kindly acknowledged. Part of this study was supported by a grant from the 21st Century COE program “Development of Energy-Conscious Social Metabolic Systems and the Science for Evolution and Survival of Technology-based Civilization (ESTeC)” of Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, which was approved by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
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Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 15 • Issue 4 • October 2011
Pages: 259 - 265
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 12, 2010
Accepted: Jul 15, 2010
Published online: Jul 19, 2010
Published in print: Oct 1, 2011
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