Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics with Unsteady Friction Model for Water Hammer Pipe Flow
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 2
Abstract
Water hammer flows are almost simulated by using the Eulerian mesh methods including the most popular method of characteristics (MOC). In this paper, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) of the Lagrangian meshless method are introduced to simulate transient pipe flow considering the unsteady friction model (UFM). One special boundary treatment with virtual and mirror particles is proposed to improve the inherent boundary deficiency. Pressure results predicted by the SPH model are compared with those obtained from MOC scheme and experiments in a reservoir-pipe-valve system. The proposed model can accurately reproduce the experimental pressure histories. As the Courant number decreases (less than one), the SPH method is more accurate and more robust without numerical attenuation, whereas the Godunov scheme and MOC scheme produce obvious numerical damping. When the Courant number is less than one, for a similar level of accuracy, the SPH method could be more efficient than the Godunov scheme and MOC scheme. It is found that implicit and explicit solution schemes of the unsteady friction model, number of particles, artificial viscosity, smoothing length, and smoothing function significantly influence numerical stability and accuracy. Artificial viscosity can eliminate spurious numerical oscillations but may cause numerical dissipations. Cubic spline function and smoothing length close to the particle distance are suitable for the proposed model.
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Data Availability Statement
All of the data, models, and code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51679066 and 51839008), the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (Grant Nos. 2019B70714 and 2018B43114), Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation (Grant No. 161068), and Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (SJKY19_0481).
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Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 148 • Issue 2 • February 2022
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 13, 2020
Accepted: Oct 27, 2021
Published online: Dec 1, 2021
Published in print: Feb 1, 2022
Discussion open until: May 1, 2022
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