Abstract
Understanding the air demand of a hydraulic jump in a closed conduit is important in hydropower operations and urban sewer designs. In this study, physical experiments are described to study flow regimes and the air demand of a hydraulic jump in a closed conduit with various submerged outlet depths. Flow regimes with a submerged outlet were defined following previous studies based on outlet depth. Free-surface supercritical flow with a hydraulic jump can induce a relative air demand (air flow rate to water flow rate) of approximately 3%–14%. If the hydraulic jump is followed by pressurized pipe flow, the air demand decreases with increasing outlet depth until the return roller is fully developed in the pipe. For the partially submerged hydraulic jump, the relative air demand is significantly reduced to less than 1%. Field measurements of the air demand at the Hugh Keenleyside Dam, British Columbia, were consistent with the experimental measurements for the partially submerged hydraulic jump. The dynamics of the air pocket upstream of the hydraulic jump was studied. If the air supply was constrained by nozzles of various sizes placed on the top of the air vent, the air pressure in the closed conduit decreased and the hydraulic jump was pushed upstream. The energy loss coefficient in the air vent was also studied.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The writers gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada and the British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority (BC Hydro). The authors would also like to thank Perry Fedun for his technical assistance.
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Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 148 • Issue 2 • February 2022
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 30, 2021
Accepted: Oct 15, 2021
Published online: Dec 7, 2021
Published in print: Feb 1, 2022
Discussion open until: May 7, 2022
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