Relevance of Free Jet Model for Soil Erosion by Impinging Jets
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 146, Issue 1
Abstract
The surface erosion of soil samples caused by an impinging jet can be analyzed using the jet erosion test (JET), a standard experimental test to characterize the erosion resistance of soils. This paper specifically addresses the flow characteristics of a laminar impinging jet over the irregular surface of granular beds to discuss the pertinence and relevance of commonly used empirical estimations based on a self-similar model of a free jet. The JET is here investigated at the microscale with a coupled fluid-particle flow numerical model featuring the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for the fluid phase combined with the discrete element method (DEM) for the mechanical behavior of the solid particles. The hydrodynamics of a laminar plane free jet are confronted with the results from a parametric study of jet impingement, both on solid smooth and fixed granular surfaces, that take into account variations in particle size, distance from jet origin, and jet Reynolds number. The flow characteristics at the bed surface are here quantified, including the maximal values in tangential velocity and wall shear stress, which can be regarded as the major cause of particle detachments under hydrodynamic solicitation. It is shown that the maximal velocity at the impinged surface can be described by the free jet self-similar model, provided that a simple empirical coefficient is introduced. Further, an expression is proposed for the maximal shear stress in laminar conditions, including a Blasius-like friction coefficient that is inversely proportional to the square root of the jet Reynolds number. To conclude, finally, the JET erosion of different cohesionless granular samples is analyzed, confirming that the threshold condition at the onset of granular motion is consistent with the Shields diagram and in close agreement with previous experimental results.
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Data Availability Statement
All data generated during the study are available from the corresponding author by request; the code used remains proprietary.
Acknowledgments
Z. Benseghier is grateful for the financial support provided by the Région Sud, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur and the valuable exchanges with D. Chausseé (Suez Consulting Corp.). The authors would also like to thank F. Lominé, J. Duriez, and J. Ngoma for fruitful discussions.
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Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 146 • Issue 1 • January 2020
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 25, 2018
Accepted: Apr 25, 2019
Published online: Oct 28, 2019
Published in print: Jan 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Mar 28, 2020
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