Mass Loss to the Trailing Stem of a Sediment Cloud
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 144, Issue 4
Abstract
Engineering activities, such as disposal of dredged materials or land reclamation, produce sediment clouds that can be characterized by a descending thermal and a trailing stem resulting from an instantaneous release. The mass loss from the trailing stem during the descent induces turbidity in the water column and this is investigated in this study. The experimental data of trailing stems from previous studies were reanalyzed to derive a relationship between the mass loss to the trailing stem and the sediment release conditions. The normalized trailing stem length and the cumulative mass distribution within the stem were then obtained. Finally, an application of the model to estimate the sediment loss to the ambient during sediment disposal is given.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National Research Foundation Singapore through the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology’s Center for Environmental Sensing and Modeling interdisciplinary research program.
References
Abdelrhman, M. A., and Dettmann, E. H. (1993). “Dredged material transport at deep-ocean disposal sites.” Proc., 8th Symp. on Coastal and Ocean Management, American Shore and Beach Preservation Association, ASCE, New Orleans.
Dietrich, W. (1982). “Settling velocity of natural particles.” Water Resour. Res., 18(6), 1615–1626.
Er, J. W., Law, A. W. K., Adams, E. E., and Zhao, B. (2016). “Open-water disposal of barged sediments.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 04016006.
Gensheimer, R. J. (2010). “Dynamics of particle clouds in ambient currents with application to open-water sediment disposal.” M.Sc. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
Gensheimer, R. J., Adams, E. E., and Law, A. W. K. (2013). “Dynamics of particle clouds in ambient currents with application to open water sediment disposal.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 114–123.
Gharib, M., Rambod, E., and Shariff, K. (1998). “A universal time scale for vortex ring formation.” J. Fluid Mech., 360, 121–140.
Johnson, B. H., and Fong, M. T. (1995). “Development and verification of numerical models for predicting the initial fate of dredged material disposed in open water. Report 2: Theoretical developments and verification results.”, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
Lai, A. C. H., Zhao, B., Law, A. W. K., and Adams, E. E. (2013). “Two-phase modeling of sediment clouds.” Environ. Fluid Mech., 13(5), 435–463.
Linden, P. F., and Turner, J. S. (2001). “The formation of ‘optimal’ vortex rings, and the efficiency of propulsion devices.” J. Fluid Mech., 427, 61–72.
MATLAB [Computer software]. MathWorks, Natick, MA.
Rahimipour, H., and Wilkinson, D. (1992). “Dynamic behaviour of particle clouds.” Proc., 11th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conf., Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society, Monash Univ., Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Ruggaber, G. J. (2000). “Dynamics of particle clouds related to open-water sediment disposal.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
Scorer, R. S. (1957). “Experiments on convection of isolated masses of buoyant fluid.” J. Fluid Mech., 2(6), 583–594.
Shusser, M., and Gharib, M. (2000). “A model for vortex ring formation in a starting buoyant plume.” J. Fluid Mech., 416, 173–185.
USACE (U.S. Army. Corps of Engineers). (1995). Boston Harbor navigation improvement and berth dredging project: Environmental impact statement, Vol. 1, Washington, DC.
Wang, R. Q., Law, A. W. K., and Adams, E. E. (2011). “Pinch-off and formation number of negatively buoyant jets.” Phys. Fluids, 23(5), 052101.
Zhao, B., Law, A. W. K., Adams, E. E., and Er, J. W. (2014). “Formation of particle clouds.” J. Fluid Mech., 746, 193–213.
Zhao, B., Law, A. W. K., Lai, A. C. H., and Adams, E. E. (2013). “On the internal vorticity and density structures of miscible thermals.” J. Fluid Mech., 722, R5.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 144 • Issue 4 • April 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 28, 2017
Accepted: Aug 18, 2017
Published online: Jan 18, 2018
Published in print: Apr 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Jun 18, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.