Stepped Spillway with Hydraulic Jumps: Application of a Numerical Model to a Scale Model of a Conceptual Prototype
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 7
Abstract
Hydraulic jumps on the steps of a stepped spillway were investigated analytically, physically, and numerically. Using classic hydraulic formulae, a conceptual prototype was designed. A large scale model was adapted and an experimental study was conducted to examine similarity of hydraulic jumps on each step, minimizing hydraulic jump length and maximizing discharge per unit width. A numerical model based on the 2D Reynolds averaged equations, where the free-surface is represented using a refined volume-of-fluid algorithm, the internal obstacles are described by means of the fractional area-volume obstacle representation method, and the turbulence is represented by a specially developed RNG (Renormalization Group) closure model was used for evaluating velocities and pressures, and for characterizing hydrodynamic forces on the baffles and sills. Preliminary design criteria are proposed for stepped spillways with hydraulic jump formation of simple shapes and adequate relations of critical depth/step height and the application of computational fluid dynamics to such problems is studied.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge LNEC, which supported the experimental work and gave all facilities related to the experimental work. They are also grateful for the formula that permitted the calibration of Pitot tube given by Professor Jorge Matos from IST, for the help given by Patricia Grimigni from University of Caen in the scale model analysis, and by the University of Coimbra Erasmus student, Maria Antonieta from University of Potenza, in the velocities measurements with the Pitot tube.
References
Carvalho, R. F. (2002). “Acções hidrodinâmicas em estruturas hidráulicas: Modelação numérica do ressalto hidráulico [Hydrodynamic forces on hydraulic structures: Numerical computation of hydraulic jump].” Tese de Doutoramento, Universidade de Coimbra, Ph.D. thesis, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
Carvalho, R. F., Lemos, C. M., and Ramos, C. M. (2008). “Numerical computation of the flow in hydraulic jump stilling basins.” J. Hydraul. Res., 46(6), 739–75.
Chanson, H. (2000). “Hydraulics of stepped spillways: Current status.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 137(9), 636–637.
Chanson, H. (2002). The hydraulics of stepped chutes and spillways, Balkema, Rotterdam.
Frizell, K. H. (1997). “Stepped overlays can protect your embankment dam during overtopping.” U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, ⟨http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/hydraulics_lab/kfrizell/steps/reports/hr96art.html⟩.
Frizell, K. H., Ehler, D. G., and Mefford, B. W. (1994). “Developing air concentration and velocity probes for measuring in highly-aerated, high-velocity flow.” Proc., Symp. on Fundamentals and Advancements in Hydraulic Measurements and Experimentation, C. A. Pugh, ed., ASCE, Buffalo, August, 268–277.
Hager, W. H., Bremen, R., and Kawagoshi, N. (1990). “Classical hydraulic jump: length of roller.” J. Hydraul. Res., 28, 5.
Hirt, C. W., and Nichols, B. D. (1981). “Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries.” J. Comput. Phys., 39, 201–225.
Hirt, C. W., and Sicilian, J. (1985). “A porosity technique for the definition of obstacles in rectangular cell meshes.” 4th Int. Conf. on Ship Hydrodynamics, Washington, D.C., 1–19.
Isbash, S. V. (1936). “Construction of dams by depositing rock in running water.” 2nd Congress on Large Dams, Washington, D.C., 123–136.
Ohtsu, I., Yasuda, Y., and Hashiba, H. (1993). “Drag on vertical sill of forced hydraulic jump.” Proc., 25th Congress of IAHR, Tokyo, Vol. A, A-10–1, 329–336.
Pradivets, Y. P., and Bramley, M. E. (1989). “Stepped protections blocks for dam spillways.” Int. Water Power Dam Constr., 41(7), 49–56.
Poggi, B. (1949). “Sopra gli scaricatori a scala di stramazzi.” L’Energia Elettrica, 26(10), 600–604.
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). (1990) “Hydraulic design of spillways.” EM 1110–2-1603, 16.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 135 • Issue 7 • July 2009
Pages: 615 - 619
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Sep 14, 2006
Accepted: Dec 27, 2008
Published online: Jun 15, 2009
Published in print: Jul 2009
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.