Case Study: Hydraulic Modeling of Runoff Processes in Ghanaian Inland Valleys
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 7
Abstract
The inland valleys of West Africa are strategic in terms of food security and poverty alleviation, but scientific studies on hydrologic processes happening in these environments have not been well documented. Modeling approaches presented in this paper are an attempt to better comprehend hydraulic phenomena occurring in inland valleys. An inland valley situated in the Northern Region of Ghana is set as the study site. The inland valley comprises well-drained uplands and hydromorphic valley bottoms. There are several earthen dams across the valley bottoms, which are at the same time seasonal wetlands cultivated to rice during the rainy season. A finite volume model for the shallow water equations is developed to numerically simulate surface runoff flows in the valley bottoms during flood events. Innovation is necessitated to handle a series of different hydraulic phenomena. Flux-splitting and data reconstruction techniques are used to achieve stable computation in the complex topography of the valley bottoms. Standard problems of oblique hydraulic jump and dam break flows are used to test the accuracy of the numerical model. The Manning’s roughness coefficient is determined from calibration in another Ghanaian watershed located in the Eastern Region. Using actually observed time series data of rainfall intensity, surface flows during the rainfall events are simulated in the computational domain representing the valley bottoms of the study area. Observed data of water levels in the dams are compared to predictions, and discrepancies between them are examined from the hydrological point of view. In the case of a hypothetical flood event, cascading collapses of the dams and flooding of cultivated fields are reproduced.
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Acknowledgments
The writers thank Professor Masayuki Fujihara of College of Agriculture, Ehime University, Japan, for providing reference computational data. The staff of ARC-Kpong, headed by Dr. Macarius Yangyuoru, is greatly appreciated for its assistance in collecting the calibration data. This work is supported by the grants-in-aid No. MESSC-JP17688010 and No. JSPS20255012 made by MEXT and JSPS, Japan.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 135 • Issue 7 • July 2009
Pages: 539 - 553
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Dec 3, 2007
Accepted: Dec 18, 2008
Published online: Feb 6, 2009
Published in print: Jul 2009
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