Evaluation of a Novel Approach to Determine the Critical Shields Stress
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 15, Issue 11
Abstract
This study investigated the sediment entrainment and critical shear stress in gravel-bed rivers. Measured rates of bed load transport were used to estimate the Shields stress parameter. The computed parameters were compared to those derived from the Meyer-Peter-Muller method. The agreement between these methods was good and the values of obtained by the two methods can be justified by the Shields diagram and decreased with increasing (where is critical Shields stress, is sediment size with 50% particles finer and sediment size with 90% particles finer).
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Afzalimehr, H., and Anctil, F. (1999). “Velocity distribution and shear velocity behavior of decelerating flows over a gravel-bed.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 26, 468–475.
Afzalimehr, H., and Anctil, F. (2001). “Vitesse de frottement associee a un ecoulement non-uniforme et une rugosité´ relative intermédiaire.” J. Hydraul. Res., 39(2), 181–186.
Afzalimehr, H., Dey, S., and Rasoulianfar, P. (2007). “Influence of decelerating flow on incipient motion of a gravel-bed stream.” Sadhana: Proc., Indian Acad. Sci., 32(5), 545–559.
Almedeij, J. H. and Diplas, P. (2003). “Bed load transport in gravel bed streams with unimodal sediment.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 129(11), 896–903.
Bagnold, R. A. (1980). “An empirical correlation of bed load transport rates in flumes and natural rivers.” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 372, 453–473.
Barry, J. J., Buffington, J. M., and King, J. G. (2005). “Reply to comment by Claude Michel on ‘A general power equation for predicting bed load transport rates in gravel bed rivers’.” Water Resour. Res., 41, W07016.
Bravo-Espinosa, M. (1999). “Prediction of bed load discharge for alluvial channels.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz., 276.
Buffington, J. M., and Montgomery, D. R. (1997). “A systematic analysis of eight decades of incipient motion studies, with special reference to gravel-bedded rivers.” Water Resour. Res., 33(8), 1993–2028.
Cheiw, Y. M., and Parker, G. (1994). “Incipient sediment motion on non-horizontal slopes.” J. Hydraul. Res., 32(5), 649–658.
Church, M. (1978). “Paleohydrological reconstruction from a Holocene valley fill.” Fluvial sedimentology, Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol., Mem. 5, A. D. Miall, ed., 743–772.
Dey, S. (1999). “Sediment threshold.” Appl. Math. Model., 23, 399–417.
Edward, T. K., and Glysson, G. D. (1998). “Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment.” US Geological Survey, Techniques of water resources investigations, book 3, Chap. C2, USGS-TWRI, Reston, Va.
Einstein, H. A. (1950). “The bed-load function for sediment transportation in open channel flows.” Tech. Bull. 1026, USDA, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.
Emmett, W. W. (1980). A field calibration of the sediment-trapping characteristics of the Helley-Smith bedload sampler, 1139.
Fenton, J. C., and Abbott, J. E. (1977). “Initial movement of grains on a stream bed the effect of relative protrusion.” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 352, 523–537.
Ferguson, R. I., Ashmore, P. E., Ashworth, P. J., Paola, C., and Prestegaard, K. L. (1992). “Measurements in a braided river chute and lobe 1. Flow pattern, sediment transport, and channel change.” Water Resour. Res., 28(7), 1877–1886.
Folk, R. L. (1968). Petrology of sedimentary rocks, Hemphill, Austin, Tex.
Gomez, B., and Church, M. (1989). “An assessment of bed load sediment transport formulae for gravel bed rivers.” Water Resour. Res., 25, 1161–1186.
Habersack, H. M., and Laronne, J. B. (2002). “Evaluation of bedload discharge formulas based on large Helley-Smith bedload sampling in the alpine gravel bedded Drau River.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 128(5), 484–499.
Helley, E. J., and Smith, W. (1971). “Development and calibration of a pressure-difference bedload sampler.” USGS Open-File Rep., USGS, Menlo Park, Calif.
Hinze, J. O. (1975). Turbulence, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.
Julien, P. Y. (1995). Erosion and sedimentation, Cambridge University Press, New York, 280.
Komar, P., and Clemens, K. E. (1986). “The relationship between a grain’s settling velocity and threshold of motion under unidirectional currents.” J. Sediment Res., 56, 258–266.
Konrad, C. P., Booth, D. B., Burges, S. J., and Montgomery, D. R. (2002). “Partial entrainment of gravel bars during floods.” Water Resour. Res., 38, 1104–1120.
Kuhnle, R. A. (1993). “Incipient motion of sand-gravel sediment mixtures.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 119, 1400–1415.
Lamb, M. P., Dietrich, W. E., and Venditti, J. (2008). “Is the critical Shields stress for incipient sediment dependent on channel-bed slope?” JGR—Earth Surface, 113, 1–40.
Li, C. H. (1965). “The criteria of threshold shearing stress and ripple formation (experimental results in glycerine flow).” Rep. No. 70, Nanjin Hydraulic Research Institute, China (in Chinese).
Mantz, P. A. (1977). “Incipient transport of fine grains and flanks by fluids-extended Shields diagram.” J. Hydr. Div., 103, 601–615.
Martin, Y. (2003). “Evaluation of bed load transport formulae using field evidence from the Vedder River.” British Columbia. J. Geomorphology, 53, 75–95.
Maxwell, A. R., and Papanicolaou, A. N. (2001). “Step-pool morphology in high-gradient streams.” Int. J. Sediment Res., 16(3), 380–390.
Meyer-Peter, E., and Mueller, R. (1948). “Formula for bed load transport.” Proc., Int. Association for Hydraulic Research, 2nd Meeting, IAHR.
Mueller, E. R., Pitlick, J., and Nelson, J. M. (2005). “Variation in the reference shields stress for bed load transport in gravel bed streams and rivers.” Water Resour. Res., 41, W04006.
Neill, C. R. (1967). “Mean-velocity criterion for scour of coarse uniform bed-material.” Proc., 12th Congress of the Int. Association for Hydraulic Research, Vol. 3, IAHR, 46–54.
Papanicolaou, A. N., Diplas, P., Balakrishnan, M., and Dancey, C. L. (1999). “Computer vision technique for tracking bed load movement.” J. Comput. Civ. Eng., 13(2), 71–79.
Papanicolaou, A. N., Diplas, P., Evaggelopoulos, N., and Fotopoulos, S. (2002). “Stochastic incipient motion criterion for spheres under various bed packing conditions.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 128(4), 369–380.
Parker, G. (1978). “Self-formed straight channels with equilibrium banks and mobile bed, part 1. The sand-silt river.” J. Fluid Mech., 89(1), 109–125.
Parker, G. (2008). “Transport of gravel and sediment mixtures.” Sedimentation engineering: Processes, measurements, modeling, and practice. ASCE manual 110, ASCE, Reston, Va.
Parker, G., Klingeman, P. C., and McLean, D. G. (1982). “Bed load and size distribution in paved gravel-bed streams.” J. Hydr. Div., 108, 544–571.
Pitlick, J., Wilcock, P., and Cui, Y. (2004). “Manual for computing bed load transport in gravel bedstreams.” ⟨www.colorado.edu/geography/geomorph/BAGS_PART2.pdf⟩.
Shields, A. (1936). “Application of similarity principles and turbulence research to bed-load movement.” Hydrodynamics laboratory publications no. 167, W. P. Ott and J. C. Van Uchelen, translator, USDA, Soil Conservation Service Cooperative Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.
Shividchenko, A. B., and Pender, G. (2000). “Initial motion of streambeds composed of course uniform sediments.” Proc., Instn Civ. Engrs Water and Mar. Engng, 2000, Vol. 142, 217–227.
Taylor, B. D., and Vanoni, V. A. (1972). “Temperature effects in low transport, flat bed flows.” J. Hydr. Div., 98(8), 1427–1445.
Wang, S., and Shen, H. (1985). “Incipient motion and riprap design.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 111(3), 520–538.
Whitaker, A. C., and Potts, D. F. (2007). “Coarse bed load transport in an alluvial gravel bed stream, Dupuyer Creek, Montana.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 32, 1984–2004.
White, S. J. (1970). “Plane bed thresholds of fine grained sediments.” Nature, 228, 152–153.
White, W. R., and Day, T. J. (1982). “Transport of graded gravel bed material.” Gravel-bed rivers, R. D. Hey, J. C. Bathurst, and C. R. Thorne, eds., Wiley, New York, 181.
Wilcock, P. R. (1992). “Experimental investigation of effect of mixture properties on transport dynamics.” Dynamics of gravel-bed river, P. Billi, R. D. Hey, C. R. Thorne, and P. Tacconi, eds., Wiley, New York,109–139.
Yalin, M. S. (1963). “An expression for bed load transportation.” J. Hydr. Div., 89(3), 221–250.
Yalin, M. S., and Karahan, E. (1979). “Incipient of sediment transport.” J. Hydr. Div., 105, 1433–1443.
Yang, C. T. (1996). Sediment transport: Theory and practice. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 15 • Issue 11 • November 2010
Pages: 892 - 900
Copyright
© 2010 ASCE.
History
Received: Oct 5, 2009
Accepted: Apr 13, 2010
Published online: May 11, 2010
Published in print: Nov 2010
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.