Calibration of Failure Criteria for Bucket Foundations on Drained Sand under General Loading
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 7
Abstract
A new concept with respect to offshore wind turbines, the bucket foundation, is known in the oil and gas industry, although the load conditions for wind turbines are significantly different. An extensive number of loading tests with small-scale bucket foundations subjected to combined loading were carried out in the geotechnical laboratory at Aalborg University in Aalborg, Denmark. Tests were performed on buckets of various sizes, embedment ratios, and load paths on saturated dense Aalborg University Sand No. 1. The experimental results were used to evaluate the behavior of the bucket foundations in accordance with the macromodel approach. An expression to describe the combined capacity of bucket foundations was developed by calibrating the failure criteria for bucket foundations.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
American Petroleum Institute (API). (2000). “Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing fixed offshore platforms.” API RP 2A, Washington, DC.
Andersen, K. H., and Jostad, H. P. (1999). “Foundation design of skirted foundations and anchors in clay.” Proc., Offshore Technology Conf., Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 1–10.
Barari, A., and Ibsen, L. B. (2012a). “Undrained response of bucket foundations to moment loading.” Appl. Ocean Res., 36, 12–21.
Barari, A., and Ibsen, L. B. (2012b). “Vertical capacity of bucket foundations in undrained soil.” J. Civil Eng. Manage., 20(1), 1–12.
Bienen, B., and Cassidy, M. J. (2009). “Three-dimensional numerical analysis of centrifuge experiments on a model jack-up drilling rig on sand.” Can. Geotech. J., 46(2), 208–224.
Bolton, M. D., and Lau, C. K. (1993). “Vertical bearing capacity factors for circular and strip footings on Mohr-Coulomb soil.” Can. Geotech. J., 30(6), 1024–1033.
Butterfield, R. (1981). “Another look at gravity platform foundations.” Soil mechanics and foundation engineering in offshore technology, Int. Centre for Mechanical Sciences (CISM), Udine, Italy.
Butterfield, R., Houlsby, G. T., and Gottardi, G. (1997). “Standardised sign conventions and notation for generally loaded foundations.” Geotechnique, 47(5), 1051–1054.
Butterfield, R., and Ticof, J. (1979). “The use of physical models in design.” Proc., 7th European Conf. on Soil Mechanics, Vol. 4, British Geotechnical Society, London, 259–261.
Byrne, B. W. (2000). “Investigation of suction caissons in dense sand.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
Byrne, B. W., and Houlsby, G. T. (1999). “Drained behaviour of suction caisson foundations on very dense sand.” Proc., Offshore Technology Conf., Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 10994.
Byrne, B. W., and Houlsby, G. T. (2001). “Observations of footing behaviour on loose carbonate sands.” Geotechnique, 51(5), 463–466.
Byrne, B. W., and Houlsby, G. T. (2003). “Foundations for offshore wind turbines.” Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, 361(1813), 2909–2930.
Byrne, B. W., and Houlsby, G. T. (2004). “Experimental investigations of the response of suction caissons to transient combined loading.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 240–253.
Byrne, B. W., Houlsby, G. T., Martin, C. M., and Fish, P. M. (2002). “Suction caisson foundations for offshore wind turbines.” Wind Eng., 26(3), 145–155.
Cassidy, M. J. (1999). “Non-linear analysis of jack-up structures subjected to random waves.” D.Phil. thesis, Oxford Univ., Oxford, U.K.
Cassidy, M. J. (2007). “Experimental observations of the combined loading behaviour of circular footings on loose silica sand.” Geotechnique, 57(4), 397–401.
Cassidy, M. J., Byrne, B. W., and Houlsby, G. T. (2002). “Modelling the behaviour of circular footings under combined loading on loose carbonate sand.” Geotechnique, 52(10), 705–712.
Cassidy, M. J., Eatock Taylor, R., and Houlsby, G. T. (2001). “Analysis of jack-up units using a constrained new wave methodology.” Appl. Ocean Res., 23(4), 221–234.
Clausen, J. C., Damkilde, L., and Krabbenhøft, K. (2007). “Efficient finite element calculation of .” Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing, B. H. V. Topping, ed., Civil-Comp Press, Stirling, U.K.
Coulomb, C. A. (1776). Essai sur une application des Règles des maximis et minimis à quelques prblèmes de statique mémoires, Mem. Acad. Roy. Div. Sav., 7, 343–387.
Det Norske Veritas (DNV). (1992). “Foundations.” Classification Notes No. 30.4, Høvik, Norway.
Ebrich, C. T., and Tjelta, T. I. (1999). “Installation of bucket foundations and suction caissons in sand: Geotechnical performance.” Proc., Offshore Technology Conf., Offshore Technology Conference, Houston.
Feld, T. (2006). “State-of-the art design standard specific developed and applicable for offshore wind turbine structures.” North Am. Wind Power.
Georgiadis, M., and Butterfield, R. (1988). “Displacements of footings on sand under eccentric and inclined loads.” Can. Geotech. J., 25(2), 199–212.
Gottardi, G., and Houlsby, G. T. (1995). “Model tests of circular footings on sand subjected to combined loads.” Rep. No. OUEL 2071/95, Univ. of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
Gottardi, G., Houlsby, G. T., and Butterfield, R. (1999). “The plastic response of circular footings on sand under general planar loading.” Geotechnique, 49(4), 453–469.
Gottardi, G., Ricceri, G., and Simonini, P. (1994). “On the scale effect of footings on sand under general loads.” Proc., 13th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (ICSMFE), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Gourvenec, S. (2008). “Undrained bearing capacity of embedded footings under general loading.” Geotechnique, 58(3), 177–185.
Hansen, J. B. (1953). Earth pressure calculation, Teknisk Forlag, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Hansen, J. B. (1961). “A general formula for bearing capacity.” Bulletin No. 11, Danish Geotechnical Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Houlsby, G. T., and Byrne, B. W. (2005). “Calculation procedures for installation of suction caissons in sand.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng., 158(3), 135–144.
Houlsby, G. T., and Cassidy, M. J. (2002). “A plasticity model for the behaviour of footings on sand under combined loading.” Geotechnique, 52(2), 117–129.
Houlsby, G. T., Kelly, R. B., Huxtable, J., and Byrne, B. W. (2005). “The tensile capacity of suction caissons in sand under rapid loading.” Geotechnique, 55(4), 287–296.
Houlsby, G. T., Kelly, R. B., Huxtable, J., and Byrne, B. W. (2006). “Field trials of suction caissons in sand for offshore wind turbine foundations.” Geotechnique, 56(1), 3–10.
Ibsen, L. B., Barari, A., and Larsen, K. A. (2012). “Modified vertical bearing capacity for circular foundations in sand using reduced friction angle.” Ocean Eng., 47, 1–6.
ISO. (2000). “Petroleum and natural gas industries—Specific requirements for offshore structures—Part 4: Geotechnical and foundation design considerations.” ISO 19900, Geneva.
Larsen, K. A., Ibsen, L. B., and Barari, A. (2013). “Modified expression for the failure criterion of bucket foundations subjected to combined loading.” Can. Geotech. J., 50(12), 1250–1259.
Martin, C. M. (1994). “Physical and numerical modeling of offshore foundations under combined loads.” D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
Martin, C. M. (2004). “User guide for ABC—Analysis of bearing capacity. Version 1.” OUEL Rep. No.226/03, Dept. of Engineering Science, Univ. of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
Martin, C. M., and Houlsby, G. T. (2001). “Combined loading of spudcan foundations on clay: Numerical modelling.” Geotechnique, 51(8), 687–699.
Prandtl, L. (1920). Uber die Harte plastischer Korper, Nachr, D. Ges. D. Wiss, Gottingen, Germany.
Randolph, M., and Gourvenec, S. (2011). Offshore geotechnical engineering, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Roscoe, K. H., and Schofield, A. N. (1956). “The stability of short pier foundations in sand.” Br. Weld. J., 4, 343–354.
Tan, F. S. C. (1990). “Centrifuge and theoretical modelling of conical footings on sand.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
Terzaghi, K. (1943). Theoretical soil mechanics, Wiley, New York.
Tjelta, T. I. (1995). “Geotechnical experience from the installation of the Europipe jacket with bucket foundations.” Proc., 27th Offshore Technology Conf., Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 897–908.
Vesić, A. (1975). “Bearing capacity of shallow foundations.” Foundation engineering handbook, H. F. Winterkorn and H. Y. Fang, eds., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 121–147.
Villalobos, F. A., Byrne, B. W., and Houlsby, G. T. (2005). “Moment loading of caissons installed in saturated sand.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics (ISFOG), M. Cassidy and S. Gourvenec, eds., Taylor & Francis, London.
Vlahos, G., Cassidy, M. J., and Martin, C. M. (2011). “Numerical simulation of pushover tests on a model jack-up platform on clay.” Geotechnique, 61(11), 947–960.
Williams, M. S., Thompson, R. S. G., and Houlsby, G. T. (1998). “Non-linear dynamic analysis of offshore jack-up units.” Comp. Struct., 69(2), 171–180.
Yun, G. J., and Bransby, M. F. (2003). “Centrifuge modelling of the horizontal capacity of skirted foundations on drained loose sand.” Proc., British Geotechnical Association (BGA) Int. Conf. on Foundations, Thomas Telford, London, 975–984.
Zaherescu, E. (1961). “Sur la stabilité des foundations rigides. ” Proc., 5th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, Dunod, Paris, 867–871.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 7 • July 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 21, 2012
Accepted: Jun 28, 2013
Published online: Jul 2, 2013
Published in print: Jul 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Sep 11, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.