Group Interaction Effects on Laterally Loaded Piles in Clay
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 136, Issue 4
Abstract
This paper presents the results of static lateral load tests carried out on , , , and model pile groups embedded in soft clay. Tests were carried out on piles with length to diameter ratios of 15, 30, and 40 and three to nine pile diameter spacing. The effects of pile spacing, number of piles, embedment length, and configuration on pile-group interaction were investigated. Group efficiency, critical spacing, and multipliers were evaluated from the experimental study. The experimental results have been compared with those obtained from the program GROUP. It has been found that the lateral capacity of piles in group at three diameter spacing is about 40% less than that of the single pile. Group interaction causes 20% increase in the maximum bending moment in piles of the groups with three diameter spacing in comparison to the single pile. Results indicate substantial difference in multipliers of the corresponding rows of the linear and square pile groups. The predicted field group behavior is in good agreement with the actual field test results reported in the literature.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ASTM. (2006). “Standard practice for classification of soils for engineering purposes (Unified Soil Classification System).” D2487-06, West Conshohocken, Pa.
ASTM. (2008). “Standard practice for thin-walled tube sampling of soils for geotechnical purposes.” D1587-08, West Conshohocken, Pa.
Boominathan, A., and Ayothiraman, R. (2007). “An experimental study on static and dynamic bending behavior of piles in soft clay.” Geotech. Geologic. Eng., 25, 177–189.
Brown, D. A., Morrison, C., and Reese, L. C. (1988). “Lateral load behavior of pile group in sand.” J. Geotech. Eng., 114(11), 1261–1276.
Brown, D. A., Reese, L. C., and O'Neill, M. W. (1987). “Cyclic lateral loading of a large-scale pile group.” J. Geotech. Eng., 113(11), 1326–1343.
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). (2002). “Indian standard code of practice for thin-walled tube sampling of soils.” IS 2132, New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). (2006a). “Code of practice for design and construction of pile foundations—Load test on piles.” IS 2911 Part 4., Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). (2006b). “Indian standard specification for mild steel thin walled sampling tubes and sampler heads.” IS 11594, New Delhi, India.
Franke, E. (1988). “Applicability of 1-g model tests in three cases.” Proc., 12th Int. Conf on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Vol. 11(9), 915–918.
Gandhi, S. R., and Selvam, S. (1997). “Group effect on driven piles under lateral load. ” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 123(8), 702–709.
Ilyas, T., Leung, C. F., Chow, Y. K., and Budi, S. S. (2004). “Centrifuge model study of laterally loaded pile groups in clay.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 130(3), 274–283.
Matlock, H. (1970). “Correlations for design of laterally loaded piles in soft clay.” Proc., 2nd Annual Offshore Technology Conf., Vol. 1, Paper No. OTC 1204, Houston, 577–594.
Mokwa, R. L., and Duncan, J. M. (2005). “Discussion of ‘Centrifuge model study of laterally loaded pile groups in clay’ by T. Ilyas, C. F. Leung, Y. K. Chow, and S. S. Budi.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(10), 1305–1308.
Poulos, H. G., and Davis, E. H. (1980). Pile foundation analysis and design. Wiley, New York.
Rao, S. N., Ramakrishna, V. G. S. T., and Raju, G. B. (1996). “Behavior of pile-supported dolphins in marine clay under lateral loading.” J. Geotech. Eng., 122(8), 607–612.
Rao, S. N., Ramakrishna, V. G. S. T., and Rao, M. B. (1998). “Influence of rigidity on laterally loaded pile groups in marine clay.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124(6), 542–549.
Reese, L. C., Wang, S. T., and Vasquez, L. (2006). Computer program GROUP Version 7.0—Technical manual, Ensoft. Inc., Austin, Tex.
Rollins, K. M., Olsen, K. G., Jensen, D. H., Garrett, B. H., Olsen, R. J., and Egbert, J. J. (2006a). “Pile spacing effects on lateral pile group behavior: Analysis.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132(10), 1272–1283.
Rollins, K. M., Olsen, R. J., Elbert, J. J., Jensen, D. H., Olsen, K. G., and Garrett, B. H. (2006b). “Pile spacing effects on lateral pile group behavior: Load tests.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132(10), 1262–1271.
Rollins, K. M., Peterson, K. T., and Weaver, T. J. (1998). “Lateral load behavior of full-scale pile group in clay.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124(6), 468–478.
Ruesta, P. F., and Townsend, F. C. (1997). “Evaluation of laterally loaded pile groups at Roosevelt bridge.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 123(12), 1153–1161.
Wood, D. M., Crewe, A., and Taylor, C. (2002). “Shaking table testing of geotechnical models.” Int. J. Phys. Modell. Geotech., 1, 1–13.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 136 • Issue 4 • April 2010
Pages: 573 - 582
Copyright
© 2010 ASCE.
History
Received: Jul 15, 2008
Accepted: Sep 9, 2009
Published online: Sep 11, 2009
Published in print: Apr 2010
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.