Behavior of Geogrid-Sand Interface in Direct Shear Mode
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 12
Abstract
The contribution of transverse ribs to the soil-geogrids interaction under pullout mode has been well documented. However, the contribution of transverse ribs to the soil-geogrid interaction under direct shear mode is, at best, unclear. Consequently, this paper presents the results of a comprehensive direct shear testing program aimed at evaluating the contribution of transverse ribs to the interface shear. The direct shear tests involved Ottawa sand and several polyester geogrids with a variety of material tensile strength, percent open area, and aperture pattern. The test results show that the shear strength of sand-geogrid interfaces under direct shear mode is significantly higher than that of sand-geotextile interfaces. Analysis of shear displacement-strength response of the interfaces indicates that, in addition to interface shear components due to sand-rib friction and sand-sand shear at the location of the openings, the transverse ribs provide additional contribution to the overall sand-geogrid interface resistance. Specifically, analysis of the results reveals that the transverse ribs of the geogrid used in this study provide approximately 10% of interface shear resistance. This contribution is positively correlated with the tensile strength and the stiffness of geogrid ribs, but is negatively correlated with the percent open area of the geogrid. A simple model is proposed to quantify the contribution of transverse ribs to the interface shear strength under direct shear mode.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abu-Farsakh, M. Y., and Coronel, J. (2006). “Characterization of cohesive soil-geosynthetic interaction from large direct shear test.” Proc., 85th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.
Alfaro, M. C., Miura, N., and Bergado, D. T. (1995). “Soil geogrid reinforcement interaction by pullout and direct shear tests.” Geotech. Test. J., 18(2), 157–167.
ASTM. (2002). “Standard test method for determining the coefficient of soil and geosynthetic or geosynthetic and geosynthetic friction by the direct shear method.” D5321-02, ASTM, West Conshohoken, Pa.
Bakeer, R. M., Sayed, M., Cates, P., and Subramanian, R. (1998). “Pullout and shear test on geogrid reinforced lightweight aggregate.” Geotext. Geomembr., 16(2), 119–133.
Bauer, G. E., and Zhao, Y. (1993). “Evaluation of shear strength and dilatancy behavior of reinforced soil from direct shear tests.” ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ., 1190, 138–157.
Bergado, D. T., Chai, J. C., Abiera, H. O., Alfaro, M. C., and Balasubramaniam, A. S. (1993). “Interaction between cohesive-frictional soil and various grid reinforcements.” Geotext. Geomembr., 12(4), 327–349.
Cancelli, A., Rimoldi, P., and Togni, S. (1992). “Frictional characteristics of geogrids by means of direct shear and pullout tests.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Earth Reinforcement Practice, Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, Japan, 51–56.
Cazzuffi, D., Picarelli, L., Ricciuti, A., and Rimold, P. (1993). “Laboratory investigations on the shear strength of geogrid reinforced soils.” ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ., 1190, 119–137.
Federal Highway Administration. (2001). “Performance test for geosynthetic reinforced soil including effects of preloading.” FHWA-RD-01-118, Research, Development and Technology, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, 270.
Hatami, K., and Bathurst, R. J. (2006). “Numerical model for reinforced soil segmental walls under surcharge loading.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132(6), 673–684.
Jarret, P. M., and Bathurst, R. J. (1985). “Frictional development at a gravel geosynthetic peat interface.” Proc., 2nd Canadian Symp. of Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Edmonton, Canada, 1–6.
Jewell, R. A. (1990). “Reinforcement bond capacity.” Geotechnique, 40(3), 513–518.
Koerner, R. M., Wayne, M. H., and Carroll, R. G., Jr. (1989). “Analytic behavior of geogrid anchorage.” Proc., Geosynthetics’89 Conf, IFAI, San Diego, 525–536.
Lopez, M. L. (2002). “Soil geosynthetic interaction.” Geosynthetics and their applications, Thomas Telford, London.
Martin, J. P., Koerner, R. M., and Whitty, J. E. (1984). “Experimental friction evaluation of slippage between geomembranes, geotextiles, and soils.” Proc., Int. Conf. Geomembranes, IFAI, St. Paul, Minn., 191–196.
Milligan, G. W. E., Earl, R. F., and Bush, D. I. (1990). “Observations of photo-elastic pullout tests on geotextiles and geogrids.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Geotextiles, Geomembranes and Related Products, Vol. 2, Hague, The Netherlands, 747–751.
Palmeira, E. M. (2004). “Bearing force mobilisation in pullout tests on geogrids.” Geotext. Geomembr., 22(6), 481–509.
Palmeira, E. M., and Milligan, G. W. E. (1989). “Scale and other factors affecting the results of the pullout tests of grids buried in sand.” Geotechnique, 39(4), 551–584.
Sugimoto, M., Alagiyawanna, A. M. N., and Kadoguchi, K. (2001). “Influence of rigid and flexible face on geogrid pullout tests.” Geotext. Geomembr., 19(5), 257–328.
Tatlisoz, N., Edil, T. B., and Benson, C. H. (1998). “Interaction between reinforcing geosynthetics and soil-tire chip mixtures.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124(11), 1109–1119.
Teixeira, S. H. C., Bueno, B. S., and Zornberg, J. G. (2007). “Pullout resistance of individual longitudinal and transverse geogrid ribs.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 133(1), 37–50.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 135 • Issue 12 • December 2009
Pages: 1863 - 1871
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Dec 5, 2007
Accepted: May 20, 2009
Published online: Nov 13, 2009
Published in print: Dec 2009
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.