Thermal Consolidation of Saturated Silty Clay Considering Different Temperature Paths: Experimental Study and Constitutive Modeling
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 22, Issue 3
Abstract
Based on the self-developed axisymmetric test apparatus for hollow cylinder specimens, an experimental study on the thermal consolidation behavior of saturated silty clay with different overconsolidation ratios under different confining pressures and temperature paths was carried out. The evolution of pore-water pressure caused by undrained heating/cooling and thermal volumetric strain caused by drained consolidation was analyzed, which is related to confining pressure, temperature path, and overconsolidation ratio. In addition, the experimental results were simulated based on a modified thermodynamic constitutive model proposed by the author. The model captures the important aspects of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling characteristics of saturated soil. By comparing the model with the experimental results, its ability to describe the thermal consolidation behavior of saturated silty clay under different temperature paths was verified.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No. 8214061), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52108296 and 51808026), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. FRFTP-20-004A1), and General Project of Scientific Research Program of Beijing Education Commission (No. KM201910016003).
References
Abuel-Naga, H. M., D. T. Bergado, and A. Bouazza. 2007. “Thermally induced volume change and excess pore water pressure of soft Bangkok clay.” Eng. Geol. 89 (1–2): 144–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.10.002.
Abuel-Naga, H. M., D. T. Bergado, G. V. Ramana, L. Grino, P. Rujivipat, and Y. Thet. 2006. “Experimental evaluation of engineering behavior of soft Bangkok clay under elevated temperature.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 132 (7): 902–910. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:7(902).
Bai, B., L. J. Guo, and S. Han. 2014. “Pore pressure and consolidation of saturated silty clay induced by progressively heating/cooling.” Mech. Mater. 75: 84–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2014.04.005.
Bai, B., and T. Li. 2013. “Irreversible consolidation problem of a saturated porothermoelastic spherical body with a spherical cavity.” Appl. Math. Model. 37 (4): 1973–1982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2012.05.003.
Bai, B., Q. Nie, Y. Zhang, X. Wang, and W. Hu. 2021. “Cotransport of heavy metals and SiO2 particles at different temperatures by seepage.” J. Hydrol. 597: 125771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125771.
Bai, B., D. Rao, T. Chang, and Z. Guo. 2019. “A nonlinear attachment-detachment model with adsorption hysteresis for suspension-colloidal transport in porous media.” J. Hydrol. 578: 124080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124080.
Bai, B., and X. Y. Shi. 2017. “Experimental study on the consolidation of saturated silty clay subjected to cyclic thermal loading.” Geomech. Eng. 12 (4): 707–721. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.4.707.
Bai, B., and Z. Su. 2012. “Thermal responses of saturated silty clay during repeated heating-cooling processes.” Transp. Porous Media 93 (1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-012-9939-6.
Bai, B., T. Xu, Q. Nie, and P. Li. 2020. “Temperature-driven migration of heavy metal Pb2+along with moisture movement in unsaturated soils.” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 153: 119573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119573.
Boukelia, A., H. Eslami, S. Rosin-Paumier, and F. Masrouri. 2019. “Effect of temperature and initial state on variation of thermal parameters of fine compacted soils.” Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng. 23 (9): 1125–1138. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2017.1344144.
Burghignoli, A., A. Desideri, and S. Miliziano. 2000. “A laboratory study on the thermomechanical behavior of clayey soils.” Can. Geotech. J. 37 (4): 764–780. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-37-4-764.
Campanella, R. G., and J. K. Mitchell. 1968. “Influence of temperature variations on soil behavior.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. 94 (3): 709–734. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSFEAQ.0001136.
Cui, Y. J., T. T. Le, A. M. Tang, P. Delage, and X. L. Li. 2009. “Investigating the time dependent behavior of Boom Clay under thermo-mechanical loading.” Géotechnique 59 (4): 319–29. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2009.59.4.319.
Cui, Y. J., and A. M. Tang. 2013. “On the chemo-thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of geological and engineered barriers.” J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng. 5 (3): 169–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2013.05.001.
Cui, Y. J., N. Sultan, and P. Delage. 2000. “A thermomechanical model for saturated clays.” Can. Geotech. J. 37 (3): 607–620. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-37-3-607.
Delage, P., N. Sultan, and Y. J. Cui. 2000. “On the thermal consolidation of boom clay.” Can. Geotech. J. 37 (2): 343–354. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-37-2-343.
Demars, K. R., and R. D. Charles. 1982. “Soil volume change induced by temperature cycling.” Can. Geotech. J. 19 (2): 189–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-6349(81)90015-8.
Ho, L., B. Fatahi, and H. Khabbaz. 2018. “Analytical solution to one-dimensional consolidation in unsaturated soil deposit incorporating time-dependent diurnal temperature variation.” Int. J. Geomech. 18 (5): 04018029. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001153.
Hueckel, T., and R. Pellegrini. 1992. “Effective stress and water pressure in saturated clays during heating-cooling cycles.” Can. Geotech. J. 29 (6): 1095–1102. https://doi.org/10.1139/t92-126.
Kuntiwattanakul, P., I. Towhata, K. Ohishi, and I. Seko. 1995. “Temperature effects on undrained shear characteristics of clay.” Soils Found. 35 (1): 147–162. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.35.147.
Laloui, L., and C. Cekerevac. 2008. “Numerical simulation of the non-isothermal mechanical behavior of soils.” Comput. Geotech. 35 (5): 729–745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2007.11.007.
Li, H., G. Q. Kong, L. Wen, and Q. Yang. 2021. “Pore pressure and strength behaviors of reconstituted marine sediments involving thermal effects.” Int. J. Geomech. 21 (4): 06021008. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001984.
Monfared, M., P. Delage, J. Sulem, M. Mohajerani, A. M. Tang, and E. De Laure. 2011. “A new hollow cylinder triaxial cell to study the behavior of geo-materials with low permeability.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 48 (4): 637–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2011.02.017.
Nieto-Leal, A., and V. N. Kaliakin. 2021. “Additional insight into generalized bounding surface model for saturated cohesive soils.” Int. J. Geomech. 21 (6): 04021068. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002012.
Niu, J. J., X. K. Wang, S. L. Gong, and D. S. Ling. 2020. “Exact solutions for investigating thermal response of saturated soil induced by temperature change.” Int. J. Geomech. 20 (10): 04020177. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001803.
Romero, E., M. V. Villar, and A. Lloret. 2005. “Thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of two heavily overconsolidated clays.” Eng. Geol. 81 (3): 255–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.06.011.
Samadianfard, S., and V. Toufigh. 2020. “Energy use and thermal performance of rammed-earth materials.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (10): 04020276. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003364.
Shahbodagh, B., T. N. Mac, G. A. Esgandani, and N. Khalili. 2020. “A bounding surface viscoplasticity model for time-dependent behavior of soils including primary and tertiary creep.” Int. J. Geomech. 20 (9): 04020143. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001744.
Shao, Y. X. 2011. “Experimental study on temperature effect on engineering properties of clayey soils.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Univ.
Shetty, R., D. N. Singh, and A. Ferrari. 2019. “Volume change characteristics of fine-grained soils due to sequential thermo-mechanical stresses.” Eng. Geol. 253: 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.03.008.
Sultan, N., P. Delage, and Y. J. Cui. 2002. “Temperature effects on the volume change behavior of Boom clay.” Eng. Geol. 64 (2-3): 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00143-0.
Toufigh, V., and E. Kianfar. 2019. “The effects of stabilizers on the thermal and the mechanical properties of rammed earth at various humidities and their environmental impacts.” Constr. Build. Mater. 200: 616–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.050.
Towhata, I., P. Kuntiwattanakul, I. Seko, and K. Ohishi. 1993. “Volume change of clays induced by heating as observed in consolidation tests.” Soils Found. 33 (4): 170–183. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.33.4_170.
Wang, H., and X. H. Qi. 2020. “Thermal volume change of saturated clays: A fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical finite element implementation.” Geomech. Eng. 23 (6): 561–573. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.23.6.561.
Wang, L. J., and L. H. Wang. 2020. “Semianalytical analysis of creep and thermal consolidation behaviors in layered saturated clays.” Int. J. Geomech. 20 (4): 06020001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001615.
Wang, L. J., B. Zhu, Y. M. Chen, R. P. Chen, and X. S. Shi. 2019. “Precise model for predicting excess pore-water pressure of layered soils induced by thermal-mechanical loads.” J. Eng. Mech. 145 (1): 04018114. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001544.
Xiong, H., F. Nicot, and Z. Yin. 2019. “From microscale to boundary value problem: using a micromechanically-based model.” Acta Geotech. 14 (5): 1307–1323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0717-7.
Yang, G. C., and B. Bai. 2019. “Thermo-hydro-mechanical model for unsaturated clay soils based on granular solid hydrodynamics theory.” Int. J. Geomech. 19 (10): 04019115. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001498.
Yang, G. C., B. Bai, Y. Liu, and P. P. Chen. 2021. “Constitutive modeling for undrained shear behavior of gassy sand considering energy dissipation at the mesoscopic level.” Ocean Eng. 219: 108307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108307.
Yao, Y. P., and A. N. Zhou. 2013. “Non-isothermal unified hardening model: a thermo-elasto-plastic model for clays.” Géotechnique 63 (15): 1328–1345. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.13.P.035.
Zhang, Z. C. 2017. “A thermodynamics-based theory for the thermo-poro-mechanical modeling of saturated clay.” Int. J. Plast. 92: 164–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2017.03.007.
Zhou, C., and C. W. W. Ng. 2018. “A new thermo-mechanical model for structured soil.” Géotechnique 68 (12): 1109–1115. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.17.T.031.
Zhu, Q. Y., Z. Y. Yin, J. H. Yin, and Q. Ni. 2014. “Stress relaxation coefficient and formulation for soft soils.” Geotech. Lett. 4 (1): 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1680/geolett.13.00070.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 22 • Issue 3 • March 2022
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 10, 2021
Accepted: Oct 31, 2021
Published online: Dec 20, 2021
Published in print: Mar 1, 2022
Discussion open until: May 20, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Zhengfa Chen, Zhifan Xu, Pingxin Xia, Pore-Water Pressure and Shear Characteristics of Lateritic Clay under Different Temperature Paths, International Journal of Geomechanics, 10.1061/IJGNAI.GMENG-10246, 24, 12, (2024).
- Ming-Jun Hu, Wei-Qiang Feng, Jun Yang, Theoretical analysis for thermal consolidation of marine sediments with depth variability subjected to time-dependent loading and heating, Ocean Engineering, 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.113894, 273, (113894), (2023).
- Changqing Xia, Yuebao Deng, Min Zhu, Jiajun Niu, Liangke Zheng, Xiangsheng Chen, One-Dimensional Solar Energy Thermal Consolidation Model Testing and Analytical Calculation for Marine Soft Clays, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10.3390/jmse10111634, 10, 11, (1634), (2022).
- Fariborz Mohammadi, Soheib Maghsoodi, Akbar Cheshomi, Ali M. Rajabi, Unconfined compressive strength of clay soils at different temperatures: experimental and constitutive study, Environmental Earth Sciences, 10.1007/s12665-022-10473-y, 81, 15, (2022).