Steady-State Groundwater in Mechanical Stabilized Earth Walls of Various Dimensions with Geocomposite Back Drain Installation

Acknowledgments

Notation

D

distance from the wall base to the impervious boundary (m);

G_s

specific gravity (—);

H

MSE wall height (m);

H_W

height of upstream water level (m);

h

total head (m);

h_o

highest water level inside protected zone;

h_p

matric suction head (m);

h_w

height of phreatic level at wall face (m);

I

length of vertical impervious boundary line (m);

k

coefficient of permeability (m/s);

k_Latitude

coefficient of permeability of geotextile in the x-directions (m/s);

k_Longtitude

coefficient of permeability of geotextile in the y-directions (m/s);

k_net

geonet permeability (m/s);

k_r

coefficient of relative permeability (—);

k_x

coefficients of permeability in the x-directions (m/s);

k_y

coefficients of permeability in the y-directions (m/s);

L

length from upstream water to the drainage face (m);

m

VG model parameter (—);

n

VG model parameter (—);

S

degree of saturation (—);

S_e

effective degree of saturation (—);

S_res

residual saturation (—);

S_sat

saturated saturation (—);

T_net

geonet transmissivity (m²/s);

t

time (s);

t_net

geonet thickness (m);

W

protected zone width (m);

α

VG model parameter (m⁻¹);

β₁

incident angle or angle (deg.);

β₂

reflected angle (deg.);

γ

unit weight (kN/m³);

θ

volumetric water content (—);

θ_res

residual volumetric water content (—); and

θ_sat

saturated volumetric water content (—).

References