Theoretical Analysis of the Joint Leakage in Shield Tunnel Considering the Typical Deformation Mode
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 20, Issue 12
Abstract
The joint leakage in a shield tunnel is a common defect and difficult to be accurately quantified due to the complex deformation mode and stress state, which seriously threatens the service performance of the tunnel lining. The waterproofing of the joint is divided into two stages, which are separately provided by the sealing gaskets in the joint and the normal stress on the joint interface. Combined with the two-stage characteristics of the joint waterproofing, an analytical leakage model is proposed to deal with the joint leakage. In this model, the maximum water head loss or critical water head flowing through the sealing gaskets is calculated by a general formula, in which the parameters are determined by indoor tests. The proposed analytical model for the joint leakage in the shield tunnel not only considers the joint deformation modes, including joint opening and joint dislocation, but also considers the stress state of the joint interface. The joint leakage analysis of a typical shield tunnel in Shanghai indicates that both the high external water head and the joint dislocation can reduce the critical joint opening of the initial leakage, and the critical joint opening of the waist joint is much smaller than that of the top joint. The average hydraulic pressure acting on the joint interface can be negligible, because it is less than 5% of the concrete stress at the joint. Based on the proposed joint leakage model, the waterproofing capacity of the tunnel-lining ring can be optimized by moving the sealing gaskets along the joint interface.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This study was substantially supported by the Natural Science Foundation Committee Program of China (Nos. 51538009 and 51778474). The first author would also like to appreciate the China Scholarship Council (No. 201906260200) for funding his study at the University of Lille. All the aforementioned supports are gratefully acknowledged.
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- cosh
- hyperbolic cosine function;
- d
- effective hydraulic aperture;
- Eg
- secant modulus of the sealing gasket;
- g
- gravitational acceleration;
- Hwc
- critical water head;
- Hwe
- external water head;
- kx
- permeability coefficient;
- L
- thickness of the tunnel segment;
- Pc
- confining pressure;
- Pge
- contact stress of the sealing gaskets;
- Pw
- water pressure;
- p
- amendment fluid pressure;
- qx
- flow rate into the tunnel;
- Rg
- ratio of the sealing gasket net area;
- s
- joint dislocation;
- sinh
- hyperbolic sine function;
- sg
- offset of the sealing gasket;
- wg
- width of the sealing gasket;
- α, β, η
- material parameters of the hyperelastic sealing gasket;
- γw
- unit weight of water;
- δ
- joint opening;
- δg
- opening of the sealing gasket;
- δg0
- precompression of the sealing gasket;
- ɛ
- strain of the sealing gasket;
- μ
- dynamic viscosity coefficient;
- ∇
- Hamiltonian operator;
- ∇2
- Laplace operator;
- ξ
- sealing coefficient;
- ζ, κ, λ
- parameters in the sealing function;
- ρ
- density of water;
- σn
- normal stress of the joint interface;
- υ
- velocity vector;
- υx
- flow velocity into the tunnel; and
- ω
- unit width of the joint.
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Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 20 • Issue 12 • December 2020
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 15, 2020
Accepted: Jul 22, 2020
Published online: Sep 17, 2020
Published in print: Dec 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Feb 17, 2021
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