Transverse Dynamic Response of Circular Tunnels in Blocky Rock Mass Using Distinct-Element Method
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 18, Issue 10
Abstract
Recent cases of damage to mountain tunnels have raised concerns about the seismic performance of underground structures. The damaged sections have been majorly observed in highly fractured and weathered geological regions. The literature suggests that the interaction of the stress waves with the discontinuous medium may considerably influence the behavior of tunnel excavations. However, most of the investigations toward the evaluation of the transverse dynamic response of tunnels idealize the geological medium as a continuum medium, failing to capture the interaction between the stress waves and joints. To overcome the limitation, the present study attempted to assess the dynamic behavior of a lined circular tunnel passing through a blocky discontinuous rock mass using the Voronoi tessellation scheme in a distinct element framework. The influence of frequency of input motion, tunnel depth, in situ stress ratio, and types of seismic waves was studied with regard to the dynamic forces that developed in the liner. Moreover, the results, presented in terms of incremental dynamic forces along the tunnel liner, were utilized to corroborate past damages reported in the literature.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The second author acknowledges Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) [IIT (ISM)], Dhanbad for providing funding through Faculty Research Scheme [Project FRS(105)/2016–17/CE].
References
Alzo’ubi, A. M., C. D. Martin, and D. M. Cruden. 2007. “A discrete element damage model for rock slopes.” In Proc., Rock Mechanics: Meeting Society’s Challenges and Demands: 1st Canada-US Rock Mechanics Symp. Alexandria, VA: American Rock Mechanics Association.
Asakura, T., and Y. Sato. 1996. “Damage to mountain tunnels in hazard area.” Soils Found. 36 (Special): 301–310. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.36.Special_301.
Boadu, F. K., and L. T. Long. 1996. “Effects of fractures on seismic-wave velocity and attenuation.” Geophys. J. Int. 127 (1): 86–110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb01537.x.
Cai, S. G., and J. Zhao. 2000. “Effect of multiple parallel fractures on apparent attenuation of stress waves in rock masses.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 37 (4): 661–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00013-7.
Chen, Z., Z. Shi, T. Li, and Y. Yuan. 2012. “Damage characteristics and influence factors of mountain tunnels under strong earthquakes.” Nat. Hazards 61 (2): 387–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9924-3.
Cundall, P. A. 1971. “A computer model for simulating progressive large scale movements in blocky rock systems.” Proc., Symp. of the Int. Society of Rock Mechanics, 129–136. ISRM, France, II-8.
Cundall, P. A., and O. D. L. Strack. 1979. “A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies.” Géotechnique 29 (1): 47–65. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1979.29.1.47.
Itasca Consulting Group Inc. 2004. Universal distinct element code user’s manual. Minneapolis: Itasca.
Jiang, Y., C. Wang, and X. Zhao. 2010. “Damage assessment of tunnels caused by the 2004 Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake using Hayashi’s quantification theory type II.” Nat. Hazards 53 (3): 425–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9441-9.
Kazerani, T., and J. Zhao. 2010. “Micromechanical parameters in bonded particle method for modelling of brittle material failure.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 34 (18): 1877–1895. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.884.
Kitagawa, Y., and H. Hiraishi. 2004. “Overview of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake and proposals for earthquake mitigation measures.” J. Jpn. Assoc. Earthquake Eng. 4 (3): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.5610/jaee.4.3_1.
Li, T. 2012. “Damage to mountain tunnels related to the Wenchuan earthquake and some suggestions for aseismic tunnel construction.” Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 71 (2): 297–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-011-0367-6.
Lorig, L. J., and P. A. Cundall. 1987. “Modeling of reinforced concrete using the distinct element method.” In Proc., Fracture of concrete and rock: SEM-RILEM International Conference, 276–287. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Lunardi, P. 2008. Design and construction of tunnels: Analysis of controlled deformation in rocks and soils (ADECO-RS). Berlin: Springer.
Lysmer, J., and R. Kuhlemeyer. 1969. “Finite dynamic model for infinite media.” J. Eng. Mech. 95 (EM4): 859–877.
Misra, A., and O. Marangos. 2011. “Rock-joint micromechanics: Relationship of roughness to closure and wave propagation.” Int. J. Geomech. 11 (6): 431–439. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000021.
Otsuka, H., H. Mashimo, J. Hoshikuma, S. Takamiya, and M. Ikeguti. 1997. “Damage to underground structures (1995 Hyogoken Nanbu earthquake).” J. Res. 33: 481–509.
Pyrak-Nolte, L. J., L. R. Myer, and N. G. W. Cook. 1990. “Transmission of seismic waves across single natural fractures.” J. Geophys. Res. 95 (B6): 8617–8638. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB06p08617.
Qiu, W., G. Huang, H. Zhou, and W. Xu. 2018. “Seismic vulnerability analysis of rock mountain tunnel.” Int. J. Geomech. 18 (3): 04018002-1. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001080.
Roy, N., and R. Sarkar. 2017. “A review of seismic damage of mountain tunnels and probable failure mechanisms.” Geotech. Geol. Eng. 35 (1): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-016-0091-x.
Roy, N., R. Sarkar, and S. D. Bharti. 2018. “Prediction model for performance evaluation of tunnel excavation in blocky rock mass.” Int. J. Geomech. 18 (1): 04017125-1. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001023.
Sharma, S., and W. R. Judd. 1991. “Underground opening damage from earthquakes.” Eng. Geol. 30 (3–4): 263–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(91)90063-Q.
Shen, Y., B. Gao, X. Yang, and T. Shuangjiang. 2014. “Seismic damage mechanism and dynamic deformation characteristic analysis of mountain tunnel after Wenchuan earthquake.” Eng. Geol. 180: 85–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.07.017.
Shimizu, M., T. Saito, S. Suzuki, and T. Asakura. 2007. “Results of survey regarding damages of railroad tunnels caused by the Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake in 2004.” Tunneling Underground 38 (4): 265–273.
Wang, W. L., T. T. Wang, J. J. Su, C. H. Lin, C. R. Seng, and T. H. Huang. 2001. “Assessment of damage in mountain tunnels due to the Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 16 (3): 133–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(01)00047-5.
Yan, M. 2008. “Numerical modelling of brittle fracture and step-path failure: From laboratory to rock slope scale.” Ph.D. thesis, Simon Fraser Univ.
Zhao, J. 1996. “Construction and utilization of rock caverns in Singapore, Part A: Bedrock resource of the Bukit Timah granite.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 11 (1): 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/0886-7798(96)00054-5.
Zhao, J., X. B. Zhao, and J. G. Cai. 2006. “A further study of P-wave attenuation across parallel fractures with linear deformational behaviour.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 43 (5): 776–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2005.12.007.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 20, 2018
Accepted: Apr 17, 2018
Published online: Jul 20, 2018
Published in print: Oct 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Dec 20, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.