Infill Drilling Optimization for Enhanced Oil Recovery by Waterflooding: A Simulation Study
Publication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 1
Abstract
There are many mature oil fields in the North Sea. One of them is the Clair Oil Field, located on the United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS) in Scotland. This oil field is unique because of the results of failure studies of several fluid injections, constituting secondary and tertiary oil recovery techniques, on increasing oil production. Only waterflooding has shown a promising future. In this paper, three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations investigate the influence of infill drilling optimization by waterflooding in the Clair Oil Field so as to maximize net present value (NPV). An important goal of this study of reservoir management was to determine optimal well locations and optimal operational parameters (production constraints) that maximize cumulative oil production. Theoretical ideas and mathematical models with field data performance demonstrated the factors that can be considered in infill drilling so as to increase oil reserves. Most of the factors were related to reservoir heterogeneities and were important quantitatively for fluid injection and production. The results revealed that the four infill wells added in this study led to an increase in the field’s total cumulative oil production from to . The NPV after infill drilling optimization by waterflooding increased by 54.4% over the base case. The oil recovery factor rose from 17.2% to 20.2%, while the gas oil ratio (GOR) fell from 1,000 to 840 SCF/STB. After combining infill drilling with waterflooding, the horizontal infill producers outperformed vertical infill producers by 5.5%. The field water cut was reduced from 95% to 88%. In addition, an analysis of cumulative production between parent and child wells was made. It was found that child wells produce less cumulative oil production than do parent wells. This paper reveals the greater success of a combination of infill drilling with waterflooding in enhancing oil production compared to other findings where the influence of infill drilling and waterflooding were analyzed separately or compared. It can be concluded that the Clair Oil Field has great potential to increase oil production by combining infill drilling with waterflooding, after other improved oil recovery techniques fail.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are proprietary or confidential in nature and may only be provided with restrictions. Confidential data which can be shared with restriction are PVT data, bubble point pressure, temperature, formation volume factors etc. Other data can be shared without restriction.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China: No. 51704265 (Research on two component gas diffusion-convection model in enhancing shale gas recovery with CO2 injection PI: Dr. Chaohua Guo); No. 51504146 (PI: Dr. Xin Wang); the Outstanding Talent Development Project of China University of Geosciences (CUG20170614); and the Fundamental Research Founds for National University, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (1810491A07); and then Chinese scholarship council (2019GBJ002437).
References
Abdullah, M. A. Y., and B. Olsen. 1999. “Tapis—New opportunities from a maturing field.” In Proc., SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conf. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/54339-MS.
Alghareeb, Z. M., S. P. Walton, and J. R. Williams. 2014. “Well placement optimization under constraints using modified cuckoo search.” In Proc., SPE Saudi Arabia Section Technical Symp. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/172841-MS.
Allard, D., M. Hillyer, W. Gerbacia, and L. Rychener. 1999. “Empirical risk assessment of infill drilling locations, Barrow Island, Australia.” In Proc., SPE Annual Technical Conf. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/172841-MS.
Alusta, G. A., E. J. Mackay, J. Fennema, K. Armih, and I. Collins. 2012. “EOR vs. infill well drilling: Sensitivity to operational and economic parameters.” In Proc., North Africa Technical Conf. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/150454-MS.
Awaad, A. H., A. M. El-Maraghi, A. A. Gawad, and A. H. El-Banbi. 2015. “Role of infill drilling in increasing reserves of the Western Desert of Egypt—Case studies.” In Proc., SPE Kuwait Oil and Gas Show and Conf. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/175413-MS.
Awaad, A. H., A. M. El-Maraghi, A. A. Gawad, and A. H. El-Banbi. 2020. “Role of infill drilling in increasing reserves of the Western Desert of Egypt: Case studies.” SPE Reservoir Eval. Eng. 23 (1): 345–356. https://doi.org/10.2118/175413-PA.
Azin, R., and A. Izadpanahi, eds. 2022. Fundamentals and practical aspects of gas injection: Petroleum engineering. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
BaniHammad, N. H., R. Kedia, and J. AlSabeai. 2019. “Giant field development optimisation with the consideration of regional voidage replacement ratio.” In Proc., SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conf. and Exhibition. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: OnePetro. https://doi.org/10.2118/196630-MS.
Barber, A. H., C. J. George, L. H. Stiles, and B. B. Thompson. 1983. “Infill drilling to increase reserves—Actual experience in nine fields in Texas, Oklahoma, and Illinois.” J. Pet. Technol. 35 (8): 1530–1538. https://doi.org/10.2118/11023-PA.
Bian, H., K. Li, B. Hou, and X. Luo. 2020. “A new model to calculate oil-water relative permeability of shaly sandstone.” Geofluids 2020 (Sep): 8842276. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8842276.
Bittencourt, A. C., and R. N. Horne. 1997. “Reservoir development and design optimization.” In Proc., SPE Annual Technical Conf. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/38895-MS.
BP Energy Economics. 2018. BP energy outlook. London: BP Energy Economics.
Brice, B., S. Ning, A. Wood, and G. Renouf. 2014. “Optimum voidage replacement ratio and operational practice for heavy oil waterfloods.” In Proc., SPE Heavy Oil Conf.—Canada. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/170099-MS.
Capuano, L. 2018. International energy outlook 2018 (IEO2018). Washington, DC: US Energy Information Administration.
Centilmen, A., T. Ertekin, and A. Grader. 1999. “Applications of neural networks in multiwell field development.” In Proc., SPE Annual Technical Conf. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/56433-MS.
Chen, Y., X. Zou, L. Wang, Z. Zhu, Y. Huang, Z. Wang, and T. Liu. 2022. “Unlock the residual shale gas in fuling block, China by infill wells’ drilling and completion: A study on the design, execution, and results on the infill well.” In Proc., Int. Petroleum Technology Conf. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: International Petroleum Technology Conference. https://doi.org/10.2523/IPTC-22519-MS.
Cheng, Y., D. A. McVay, and W. John Lee. 2009. “A practical approach for optimization of infill well placement in tight gas reservoirs.” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 1 (6): 165–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2009.10.004.
Chu, M.-G., B. Min, S. Kwon, G. Park, S. Kim, and N. X. Huy. 2020. “Determination of an infill well placement using a data-driven multi-modal convolutional neural network.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 195 (Dec): 106805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106805.
Correia, M. G., C. Maschio, and D. J. Schiozer. 2015. “Integration of multiscale carbonate reservoir heterogeneities in reservoir simulation.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 131 (Jul): 34–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2015.04.018.
Dailami, K., H. R. Nasriani, S. A. Sajjadi, and N. J. Alizadeh. 2017. “Optimizing oil recovery factor by horizontal and vertical infill drilling using streamline simulation in an Iranian oil reservoir.” Energy Sources Part A 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2011.608777.
Davidson, R. A., A. J. Lembo, J. Ma, L. K. Nozick, and T. D. O’Rourke. 2006. “Optimization of investments in natural gas distribution networks.” J. Energy Eng. 132 (2): 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9402(2006)132:2(52).
Davis, E. F., and J. C. Shepler. 1969. “Reservoir pressure data used to justify infill drilling in a low permeability reservoir.” J. Pet. Technol. 21 (3): 267–273. https://doi.org/10.2118/2260-PA.
Dheyauldeen, A., O. Al-Fatlawi, and M. M. Hossain. 2021. “Incremental and acceleration production estimation and their effect on optimization of well infill locations in tight gas reservoirs.” J. Pet. Explor. Prod. Technol. 11 (6): 2449–2480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01179-1.
Driscoll, V. J. 1974. “Recovery optimization through infill drilling concepts, analysis, and field results.” In Proc., Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/4977-MS.
Dumitrache, L., A. Roy, A. Bird, B. Goktas, C. Sorgi, R. Stanley, V. De Gennaro, E. Eswein, and J. Abbott. 2022. “A multidisciplinary approach to production optimization through hydraulic fracturing stimulation and geomechanical modelling in Clair Field.” In Proc., Int. Petroleum Technology Conf. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: International Petroleum Technology Conference. https://doi.org/10.2523/IPTC-22293-MS.
Dykstra, H., and R. Parsons. 1950. The prediction of oil recovery by waterflooding in secondary recovery of oil in the United States. 2nd ed. Washington DC: American Petroleum Institute.
EIA (US Energy Information Administration). 2019. EIA projects nearly 50% increase in world energy usage by 2050, led by growth in Asia. Washington, DC: EIA.
El-Hoshoudy, A., and S. Desouky. 2019. PVT properties of black crude oil, 23. London: IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82278.
Eshkalak, M. O., U. Aybar, and K. Sepehrnoori. 2014. “An economic evaluation on the re-fracturing treatment of the U.S. shale gas resources.” In Proc., SPE Eastern Regional Meeting. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/171009-MS.
Fanchi, J. 2010. Integrated reservoir asset management: Principles and best practices. Burlington, MA: Gulf Professional Publishing.
French, R., R. Brimhall, and C. Wu. 1991. “A statistical and economic analysis of incremental waterflood infill drilling recoveries in West Texas carbonate reservoirs.” In Proc., SPE Annual Technical Conf. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/22624-MS.
Ghosh, B., S. Sarkar, J. Lohiya, and T. Das. 2004. “Improved oil recovery by in-fill drilling in a mature field: A success story.” In Proc., SPE/DOE Symp. on Improved Oil Recovery. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/89368-MS.
Gib Knight. 2019. Horizontally drilled wells dominate U.S. tight formation production. Washington, DC: US Energy Information Administration.
Guo, X., J. Ma, S. Wang, T. Zhu, and Y. Jin. 2019a. “Modeling interwell interference: A study of the effects of parent well depletion on asymmetric fracture propagation in child wells.” In Proc., SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conf. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/196509-MS.
Guo, X., K. Wu, C. An, J. Tang, and J. Killough. 2019b. “Numerical investigation of effects of subsequent parent-well injection on interwell fracturing interference using reservoir-geomechanics-fracturing modeling.” SPE J. 24 (4): 1884–1902. https://doi.org/10.2118/195580-PA.
Guo, X., K. Wu, and J. Killough. 2018. “Investigation of production-induced stress changes for infill-well stimulation in Eagle Ford Shale.” SPE J. 23 (4): 1372–1388. https://doi.org/10.2118/189974-PA.
He, J., X. Liu, X. Zhu, T. Jiang, H. He, L. Zhou, Q. Liu, Y. Zhu, and L. Liu. 2021. “Experimental study on the two-phase seepage law of tight sandstone reservoirs in Ordos Basin.” J. Energy Eng. 147 (6): 04021056. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000797.
Huang, Q., H. Arii, A. A. B. Sadok, M. A. Baslaib, and A. Sasaki. 2016. “A new approach of infill drilling optimization for efficient transition to future pattern flood development.” In Proc., Abu Dhabi Int. Petroleum Exhibition & Conf. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https:// doi.org/10.2118/183175-MS.
Jesmani, M., M. C. Bellout, R. Hanea, and B. Foss. 2015. “Particle swarm optimization algorithm for optimum well placement subject to realistic field development constraints.” In Proc., SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conf. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/175590-MS.
Jin, F. 2017. “Principles of enhanced oil recovery.” In Physics of petroleum reservoirs, 465–506. Berlin: Springer.
Kargarpour, M. A. 2020. “PVT properties variation with depth in carbonate reservoirs: A case study.” J. Pet. Explor. Prod. Technol. 10 (6): 2517–2529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-00921-5.
Khanfari, H., and M. J. Fard. 2017. “An approach to correlate the statistical-based Lorenz method, as a way of measuring heterogeneity, with Kozeny-Carman equation.” Int. J. Geotech. Geol. Eng. 11 (9): 852–855. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1132433.
Lake, L. W., P. B. Venuto, and P. B. Venuto. 1990. “A niche for enhanced oil recovery in the 1990s.” Oil Gas J. 88 (17): 62–67.
Malallah, A., A. Alashwak, and I. S. Nashawi. 2021. “Infill well placement optimization in two-dimensional heterogeneous reservoirs under waterflooding using upscaling wavelet transform.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 201 (Jun): 108439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108439.
Manchanda, R., P. Bhardwaj, J. Hwang, and M. M. Sharma. 2018. “Parent-child fracture interference: Explanation and mitigation of child well underperformance.” In Proc., SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conf. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/189849-MS.
Manzoor, D., and R. Kohan Hooshnejad. 2018. “World energy outlook: A comparative study.” Iran. J. Energy 20 (4): 133–152.
Mao, Q., X. Ma, and Y. Wang. 2021. “A decision support engine for infill drilling attractiveness evaluation using rule-based cognitive computing under expert uncertainties.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 208 (Jan): 109671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109671.
Mousavi, S. M., H. Jabbari, M. Darab, M. Nourani, and S. Sadeghnejad. 2020. “Optimal well placement using machine learning methods: Multiple reservoir scenarios.” In Proc., SPE Norway Subsurface Conf. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/200752-MS.
Newell, R. G., and D. Raimi. 2020. Global energy outlook comparison methods: 2020 update. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future.
Offshore. 2015. “North Sea, Côte d’Ivoire provide production boost for Canadian Natural.” Offshore Magazine, November 5, 2015.
Offshore. 2018. “Infill drilling lifts production from oil fields offshore Thailand.” Offshore Magazine, March 1, 2018.
Offshore. 2019. “Hibiscus starts second drilling campaign offshore Sabah.” Offshore Magazine, August 20, 2019.
Offshore. 2020. “Infill drilling boosts production at offshore North Sabah PSC.” Offshore Magazine, November 2, 2020.
Oloso, M. A., M. G. Hassan, M. B. Bader-El-Den, and J. M. Buick. 2017. “Hybrid functional networks for oil reservoir PVT characterization.” Expert Syst. Appl. 87 (Nov): 363–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2017.06.014.
Pei, Y., W. Yu, and K. Sepehrnoori. 2020. “Determination of infill drilling time window based on depletion-induced stress evolution of shale reservoirs with complex natural fractures.” In Proc., SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conf. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/205476-PA.
Pei, Y., W. Yu, K. Sepehrnoori, Y. Gong, H. Xie, and K. Wu. 2021. “The influence of development target depletion on stress evolution and infill drilling of upside target in the Permian Basin.” SPE Reservoir Eval. Eng. 24 (3): 570–589. https://doi.org/10.2118/205476-PA.
Popp, M. 2020. “The effects of infill drilling on midterm well productivity—A Montney case study.” In Proc., SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conf. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2020-2791.
Raslan, M. S., and A. J. Sultan. 2012. “Water injection optimization using streamlines from a finite-difference simulator: A case study of a Middle East field.” In Proc., SPE Saudi Arabia Section Technical Symp. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https:// doi.org/10.2118/160895-MS.
Reviere, R., and C. Wu. 1986. “An economic evaluation of waterflood infill drilling in nine Texas waterflood units.” In Proc., Permian Basin Oil and Gas Recovery Conf. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/15037-MS.
Salmachi, A., M. Sayyafzadeh, and M. Haghighi. 2013. “Infill well placement optimization in coal bed methane reservoirs using genetic algorithm.” Fuel 111 (Sep): 248–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.04.022.
Sarma, P., and W. H. Chen. 2008. “Efficient well placement optimization with gradient-based algorithms and adjoint models.” In Proc., Intelligent Energy Conf. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/112257-MS.
Satter, A., and G. M. Iqbal. 2016. Reservoir engineering: The fundamentals, simulation, and management of conventional and unconventional recoveries. Waltham, MA: Gulf Professional Publishing.
Sayyafzadeh, M., P. Pourafshary, and F. Rashidi. 2010. “Increasing ultimate oil recovery by infill drilling and converting weak production wells to injection wells using streamline simulation.” In Proc., Int. Oil and Gas Conf. and Exhibition in China. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/132125-MS.
Schmalz, J., and H. J. P. M. Rahme. 1950. “The variation of waterflood performance with variation in permeability profile.” Prod. Mon. 15 (9): 9–12.
Singhal, A., S. Springer, and A. Turta. 2005. “Screening criteria for infill drilling in water flood operations.” In Proc., Canadian Int. Petroleum Conf. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/2005-117.
Syed, F. I., S. Negahban, and A. K. Dahaghi. 2021. “Infill drilling and well placement assessment for a multi-layered heterogeneous reservoir.” J. Pet. Explor. Prod. 11 (2): 901–910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-01067-0.
Temizel, C., H. Kirmaci, Z. Wijaya, K. Balaji, A. Suhag, R. Ranjith, M. Tran, B. Al-Otaibi, A. Al-Kouh, and Y. Zhu. 2016. “Production optimization through voidage replacement using triggers for production rate.” In Proc., SPE Heavy Oil Conf. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/184131-MS.
Tewari, R., A. Mittal, and S. Patra. 2000. “An overview of re-entry and clamp-on infill drilling for incremental recovery in offshore field.” In Proc., SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conf. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/64438-MS.
Vittoratos, E. S., R. Coates, and C. C. West. 2011. “Optimal voidage replacement ratio for communicating heavy oil waterflood wells.” In Proc., SPE Heavy Oil Conf. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https:// doi.org/10.2118/165349-MS.
Wang, C., G. Li, and A. C. Reynolds. 2007. “Optimal well placement for production optimization.” In Proc., Eastern Regional Meeting. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/111154-MS.
Wozinak, D. A., J. L. Wing, and L. A. Schrider. 1997. “Infill reserve growth resulting from gas huff-n-puff and infill drilling—A case history.” In Proc., SPE Eastern Regional Meeting. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/111154-MS.
Wu, C. H., B. Laughlin, and M. Jardon. 1989. “Infill drilling enhances waterflood recovery.” J. Pet. Technol. 41 (10): 1088–1095. https://doi.org/10.2118/17286-PA.
Yadavalli, S., R. Brimhall, and C. Wu. 1991. “Case history of waterflood infill drilling in the Johnson JL AB Unit.” In Proc., Low Permeability Reservoirs Symp. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/21817-MS.
Yang, X., Y. Meng, X. Shi, and G. Li. 2017. “Influence of porosity and permeability heterogeneity on liquid invasion in tight gas reservoirs.” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 37 (Jan): 169–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.11.046.
Yoon, H. C., P. Zhou, and J. Kim. 2020. “Robust modeling of hysteretic capillary pressure and relative permeability for two phase flow in porous media.” J. Comput. Phys. 402 (Feb): 108915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2019.108915.
Yu, T., Z. Lei, J. Li, J. Hou, X. An, X. Zhou, X. Deng, and J. Wang. 2018. “Infill drilling optimization in waterflooded tight-low permeability reservoir.” In Proc., SPE Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Annual Technical Symp. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/192416-MS.
Zandvliet, M., M. Handels, G. van Essen, R. Brouwer, and J.-D. Jansen. 2008. “Adjoint-based well-placement optimization under production constraints.” SPE J. 13 (4): 392–399. https://doi.org/10.2118/105797-PA.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 149 • Issue 1 • February 2023
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 29, 2021
Accepted: Jun 25, 2022
Published online: Nov 17, 2022
Published in print: Feb 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Apr 17, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Analysis (by type)
- Bodies of water (by type)
- Construction engineering
- Construction methods
- Drilling
- Energy infrastructure
- Engineering fundamentals
- Failure analysis
- Field tests
- Hydraulic engineering
- Hydraulic structures
- Infrastructure
- Lifeline systems
- Models (by type)
- Numerical analysis
- Numerical models
- Reservoirs
- Seas and oceans
- Tests (by type)
- Water and water resources
- Water management
- Wells (oil and gas)
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Grant Charles Mwakipunda, Mbega Ramadhani Ngata, Melckzedeck Michael Mgimba, Long Yu, Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Low Porosity and Permeability Deep Saline Aquifer: Numerical Simulation Method, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 10.1115/1.4056612, 145, 7, (2023).
- Viswakanth Kandala, Suresh Kumar Govindarajan, Numerical Investigations of Low-Salinity Water Flooding in a Saline Sandstone Reservoir, Journal of Energy Engineering, 10.1061/JLEED9.EYENG-4893, 149, 5, (2023).
- Riyi Lin, Chenghao Yu, Fei Wang, Xinwei Wang, Chang Lu, Zhengda Yang, Simulation Calculation and Analysis of Connate Water Convection on Steam Chamber Expansion in Steam-Assisted Gravity-Drainage Process, Journal of Energy Engineering, 10.1061/JLEED9.EYENG-4868, 149, 4, (2023).