Stretch–Stress Behavior of Elastomeric Seismic Isolators with Different Rubber Materials: Numerical Insight
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 138, Issue 5
Abstract
This study presents a numerical approach to predict the macroscopic behavior of parallelepiped elastomeric isolators undergoing large deformations. The model uses experimental data fitting performed through cubic splines on several rubber compounds. A nine-constant Mooney-Rivlin model and an exponential law proposed in previous studies are assumed to evaluate the energy density of the rubber pads within a finite-element discretization of the isolator. Having a few experimental stretch-stress data for each rubber compound in uniaxial tension and/or shear, cubic Bezier splines are utilized to generate a large number of data (or metadata) containing the original experimental data. The Mooney-Rivlin and exponential law constitutive parameters are estimated through the least squares method, assuming spline interpolations as data to fit. The uniaxial and shear response of each rubber compound are numerically compared and, when possible, their capability in reproducing experimental data is assessed. Full-scale rectangular seismic isolators are analyzed. The compression modulus, , the shear-large displacement curves, and the hysteretic behavior are estimated. For hysteretic behavior, the model is compared with existing experimental data by modeling rubber with a recently presented overlay viscoplastic model.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Alliger, G., and Sjothun, I. J., eds. (1964). Vulcanization of elastomers, Rheinhold, New York, 271.
Amin, A. F. M. S, Alam, M. S., and Okui, Y. (2002). “An improved hyperelasticity relation in modeling viscoelasticity response of natural and high damping rubbers in compression: Experiments, parameter identification, and numerical verification.” Mech. Mater.MSMSD3, 34(2), 75–95.
Amin, A. F. M. S, Wiraguna, I., Bhuiyan, A. R., and Okui, Y. (2006). “Hyperelasticity model for finite element analysis of natural and high damping rubbers in compression and shear.” J. Eng. Mech.JENMDT, 132(1), 54–64.
Boyce, M. and Arruda, E. (2000). “Constitutive models of rubber elasticity: A review.” Rubber Chem. Technol.RCTEA4, 73(3), 504–523.
Braga, F., et al. (1997). “Development of new materials for seismic isolation and passive energy dissipation—Part I: Experimental tests on new compound elastomeric bearings.” Proc., Int. Post-SMiRT Conf. Seminar on Seismic Isolation Passive Energy Dissipation and Active Control of Seismic Vibrations of Structures, Taormina, Italy.
Bueche, F. (1961). “Mullins effect and rubber-filler interaction.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci.JAPNAB, 5(15), 271–281.
De Lucia, R. (2008). “Capacità ultima di isolatori elastomerici: Interazione tra resistenza e stabilità.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (in Italian).
Gracia, L. A., Liarte, E., Pelegay, J. L., and Calvo, B. (2010). “Finite element simulation of the hysteretic behaviour of an industrial rubber. Application to design rubber components.” Finite Elem. Anal. Des.FEADEU, 46(4), 357–368.
Hofmann, W. (1961). “Vulkanisation-sverlauf.” Kautschuk-Handbuch, Bostrom, S., ed., Vol. 4, Berlin Union, Stuttgart, Germany, 290–292 (in German).
Imbimbo, M., and De Luca, A. (1998). “F.E. stress analysis of rubber bearings under axial loads.” Comput. Struct.CMSTCJ, 68(1-3), 31–39.
Kelly, T. E. (2001). “Base isolation of structures.” Design guidelines, Holmes Consulting Group, Ltd., Wellington, New Zealand.
Kelly, J. M., and Konstantinidis, D. (2009). “Effect of friction on unbonded elastomeric bearings.” J. Eng. Mech.JENMDT, 135(9), 953–960.
Kraus, G. (1978). “Reinforcement of elastomers by particulate fillers.” Science and technology of rubber, Eirich, F. R., ed., Academic, New York.
Matlab 7.4 [Computer software]. The Mathworks, Natick, MA. 〈http://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab〉 (Mar. 1, 2007).
Moon, B. Y., Kang, G. J., Kang, B. S., and Kelly, J. M. (2002). “Design and manufacturing of fiber reinforced elastomeric isolator for seismic isolation.” J. Mater. Process. Technol.JMPTEF, 130-131, 145–150.
Moon, B. Y., Kang, G. J., Kang, B. S., Kim, G. S., and Kelly, J. M. (2003). “Mechanical properties of seismic isolation system with fiber-reinforced bearing of strip type.” Int. Appl. Mech.IAMEEU, 39(10), 1231–1239.
Mooney, M. (1940). “A theory of large elastic deformation.” J. Appl. Phys.JJPYA5, 11(9), 582–592.
Mullins, L., and Tobin, N. R. (1965). “Stress softening in rubber vulcanizates. Part I. Use of a strain amplification factor to describe the elastic behavior of filler-reinforced vulcanized rubber.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci.JAPNAB, 9(9), 2993–3009.
OPCM 3431. (2005). “Ulteriori modifiche ed integrazioni all’OPCM 3274/03 20/03/2003.” Primi elementi in materia di criteri generali per la classificazione sismica del territorio nazionale e di normative tecniche per le costruzioni in zona sismica, (in Italian).
Piegl, L., and Tiller, W. (1997). The NURBS book, Springer, Berlin, Germany.
Smallwood, H. M. (1944). “Limiting law of the reinforcement of rubber.” J. Appl. Phys.JJPYA5, 15(5), 758–766.
Sombatsompop, N. (1998). “Practical use of the Mooney-Rivlin equation for determination of degree of crosslinking of swollen NR vulcanisates.” J. Sci. Soc. ThailandVKSTDB, 24(3), 199–204.
Studebaker, M. L., and Beatty, J. R. (1978). “The rubber compound and its composition.” Science and technology of rubber, Eirich, F. R., ed., Academic Press, New York.
Toopchi-Nezhad, H., Tait, M. J., and Drysdale, R. G. (2008). “Testing and modeling of square carbon fiber-reinforced elastomeric seismic isolators.” Struct. Control Health Monit, 15(6), 876–900.
Tsai, H.-C. (2005). “Compression analysis of rectangular elastic layers bonded between rigid plates.” Int. J. Solids Struct.IJSOAD, 42(11–12), 3395–3410.
Tsai, H.-C., and Kelly, J. M. (2002). “Stiffness analysis of fiber-reinforced rectangular seismic isolators.” J. Eng. Mech.JENMDT, 128(4), 462–470.
Tsai, H.-C., and Lee, C. C. (1999). “Tilting stiffness of elastic layers bonded between rigid plates.” Int. J. Solids Struct.IJSOAD, 36(17), 2485–2505.
Zheng, H. (2008). “On the predictive capability and stability of rubber material models.” M.S. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 138 • Issue 5 • May 2012
Pages: 416 - 429
Copyright
© 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 29, 2010
Accepted: Sep 29, 2011
Published online: Oct 3, 2011
Published in print: May 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.