Eliminating Temperature Effect in Vibration-Based Structural Damage Detection
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 137, Issue 12
Abstract
False-positive or false-negative damage may be signaled by vibration-based structural damage detection methods when the environmental effects on the changes of dynamic characteristics of a structure are not accounted for appropriately. In this paper, a parametric approach for eliminating the temperature effect in vibration-based structural damage detection is proposed that is applicable to structures where dynamic properties and temperature are measured. First, a correlation model between damage-sensitive modal features and temperature is formulated with the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) technique. With the correlation model, the modal features measured under different temperature conditions are normalized to an identical reference status of temperature to eliminate the temperature effect. The normalized modal features are then applied for structural damage identification. The proposed approach is examined in the instrumented Ting Kau Bridge in Hong Kong. Using the long-term monitoring data of both modal frequencies and temperatures, a BPNN correlation model with validated generalization capability is formulated, and the normalized modal frequencies before and after damage are derived and applied for the structural damage alarm using the autoassociative neural network (AANN)–based novelty detection technique. The proposed approach is competent for eliminating the temperature effect and eschewing the false-positive damage alarm that originally occurred when using the measured modal frequencies directly. Case studies assuming damage at different structural components of the bridge are carried out to verify the proposed approach and the detectability of damage using the AANN-based novelty detection technique. The results show that the approach can detect damage when the damage-induced frequency change is as small as 1%. Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that the frequency-based approach is most effective for detecting damage of a certain severity rather than detecting the onset of damage.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The work described in this paper was supported in part by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No. UNSPECIFIEDPolyU 5142/04E) and partially by a grant from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University through the Development of Niche Areas Program (Project No. UNSPECIFIED1-BB68). The writers also wish to thank the Hong Kong SAR Government Highways Department for providing support for this research.
References
Abdel Wahab, M., and De Roeck, G. (1997). “Effect of temperature on dynamic system parameters of a highway bridge.” Struct. Eng. Int., 7(4), 266–270.
Alampalli, S. (2000). “Effects of testing, analysis, damage, and environment on modal parameters.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 14(1), 63–74.
Amari, S., Murata, N., Muller, K. R., Finke, M., and Yang, H. H. (1997). “Asymptotic statistical theory of overtraining and cross-validation.” IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, 8(5), 985–996.
Basseville, M., Bourquin, F., Mevel, L., Nasser, H., and Treyssède, F. (2010). “Handling the temperature effect in vibration monitoring: Two subspace-based analytical approaches.” J. Eng. Mech., 136(3), 367–378.
Bergermann, R., and Schlaich, M. (1996). “Ting Kau Bridge, Hong Kong.” Struct. Eng. Int., 6(3), 152–154.
Bergermann, R., Schlaich, M., Holmes, D., and Arnold, D. C. (1995). “The design of the Ting Kau cable-stayed bridge in Hong Kong.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Bridges into the 21st Century, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong, 171–178.
Bolton, R., Stubbs, N., Park, S., Choi, S., and Sikorsky, C. (2001). “Documentation of changes in modal properties of a concrete box-girder bridge due to environmental and internal conditions.” Comput. Aided Civ. Infrastruct. Eng., 16(1), 42–57.
Cornwell, P., Farrar, C. R., Doebling, S. W., and Sohn, H. (1999). “Environmental variability of modal properties.” Exp. Tech., 23(6), 45–48.
Cybenko, G. (1989). “Approximation by superpositions of a sigmoidal function.” Math. Control Signals Syst., 2(4), 303–314.
Doebling, S. W., Farrar, C. R., and Prime, M. B. (1998). “A summary review of vibration-based damage identification methods.” Shock Vib. Digest, 30(2), 91–105.
Farrar, C. R., Doebling, S. W., Cornwell, P. J., and Straser, E. G. (1997). “Variability of modal parameters measured on the Alamosa Canyon Bridge.” Proc., 15th Int. Modal Analytical Conf., Society for Experimental Mechanics, Bethel, CT, 257–263.
Farrar, C. R., and Jauregui, D. A. (1998). “Comparative study of damage identification algorithms applied to a bridge: I. Experiment.” Smart Mater. Struct., 7(5), 704–719.
Giraldo, D. F., Dyke, S. J., and Caicedo, J. M. (2006). “Damage detection accommodating varying environmental conditions.” Struct. Health Monit., 5(2), 155–172.
Kim, J. T., Park, J. H., and Lee, B. J. (2007). “Vibration-based damage monitoring in model plate-girder bridges under uncertain temperature conditions.” Eng. Struct., 29(7), 1354–1365.
Kim, J. T., Yun, C. B., and Yi, J. H. (2004). “Temperature effects on modal properties and damage detection in plate-girder bridges.” Advanced smart materials and structures technology, F. K. Chang, C. B. Yun, and B. F. Spencer, Jr., eds., DEStech, Lancaster, PA, 504–511.
Ko, J. M., and Ni, Y. Q. (2005). “Technology developments in structural health monitoring of large-scale bridges.” Eng. Struct., 27(12), 1715–1725.
Ko, J. M., Wang, J. Y., Ni, Y. Q., and Chak, K. K. (2003). “Observation on environmental variability of modal properties of a cable-stayed bridge from one-year monitoring data.” Structural Health Monitoring 2003, F. K. Chang, ed., DEStech, Lancaster, PA, 467–474.
Kramer, M. A. (1991). “Nonlinear principal component analysis using autoassociative neural networks.” AIChE J., 37(2), 233–242.
Kullaa, J. (2002). “Elimination of environmental influences from damage-sensitive features in a structural health monitoring system.” Proc., First European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, DEStech, Lancaster, PA, 742–749.
Kullaa, J. (2009). “Eliminating environmental or operational influences in structural health monitoring using the missing data analysis.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 20(11), 1381–1390.
Liu, C. Y., and DeWolf, J. T. (2007). “Effect of temperature on modal variability of a curved concrete bridge under ambient loads.” J. Struct. Eng., 133(12), 1742–1751.
Lloyd, G. M., Wang, M. L., and Singh, V. (2000). “Observed variations of mode frequencies of a prestressed concrete bridge with temperature.” Proc., 14th Engineering Mechanics Conf., J. L. Tassoulas, ed., ASCE, Reston, VA.
Londono, N. A., and Lau, D. T. (2003). “Variability of dynamic properties from Confederation Bridge monitoring data.” Structural Health Monitoring and Intelligent Infrastructure, Z. S. Wu and M. Abe, eds., A. A. Balkema, Lisse, Netherlands, 543–550.
Morgan, N., and Bourlard, H. (1990). “Generalization and parameter estimation in feedforward nets: Some experiments.” Advances in Neural Information Processing System II, D. S. Touretzky, ed., Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 630–637.
Ni, Y. Q., Fan, K. Q., Zheng, G., and Ko, J. M. (2005). “Automatic modal identification and variability in measured modal vectors of a cable-stayed bridge.” Struct. Eng. Mech., 19(2), 123–139.
Ni, Y. Q., Wang, J. Y., and Ko, J. M. (2000). “Modal interaction in cable-stayed Ting Kau Bridge.” Advances in Structural Dynamics, Vol. 1, J. M. Ko and Y. L. Xu, eds., Elsevier, Oxford, U.K., 537–544.
Ni, Y. Q., Zhou, H. F., and Ko, J. M. (2009). “Generalization capability of neural network models for temperature-frequency correlation using monitoring data.” J. Struct. Eng., 135(10), 1290–1300.
Oh, C. K., and Sohn, H. (2009). “Damage diagnosis under environmental and operational variations using unsupervised support vector machine.” J. Sound Vib., 325(1–2), 224–239.
Peeters, B., and De Roeck, G. (2001). “One-year monitoring of the Z24-Bridge: Environmental effects versus damage events.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 30(2), 149–171.
Pines, D. J., and Aktan, A. E. (2002). “Status of structural health monitoring of long-span bridges in the United States.” Prog. Struct. Eng. Mater., 4(4), 372–380.
Roberts, G. P., and Pearson, A. J. (1996). “Dynamic monitoring as a tool for long span bridges.” Bridge management 3: Inspection, maintenance, assessment and repair, J. E. Harding, G. E. R. Parke, and M. J. Ryall, eds., E & F. N. Spon, London, 704–711.
Rohrmann, R. G., Baessler, M., Said, S., Schmid, W., and Ruecker, W. F. (2000). “Structural causes of temperature affected modal data of civil structures obtained by long time monitoring.” Proc., 18th Int. Modal Analytical Conf., Society for Experimental Mechanics, Bethel, CT, 1–7.
Siringoringo, D. M., and Fujino, Y. (2008). “System identification of suspension bridge from ambient vibration response.” Eng. Struct., 30(2), 462–477.
Sohn, H. (2007). “Effects of environmental and operational variability on structural health monitoring.” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A, 365, 539–560.
Sohn, H., et al. (2004). “A review of structural health monitoring literature: 1996–2001.” Rep. No. LA-13976-MS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM.
Sohn, H., Dzwonczyk, M., Straser, E. G., Kiremidjian, A. S., Law, K. H., and Meng, T. (1999). “An experimental study of temperature effect on modal parameters of the Alamosa Canyon Bridge.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dynamics, 28(8), 879–897.
Sohn, H., Worden, K., and Farrar, C. R. (2002). “Statistical damage classification under changing environmental and operational conditions.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 13(9), 561–574.
Vanlanduit, S., Parloo, E., Cauberghe, B., Guillaume, P., and Verboven, P. (2005). “A robust singular value decomposition for damage detection under changing operating conditions and structural uncertainties.” J. Sound Vib., 284(3–5), 1033–1050.
Wenzel, H. (2009). “The influence of environmental factors.” Encyclopedia of structural health monitoring, F. K. Chang and Y. Fujino, eds., Wiley, Chichester, U.K.
Wong, K. Y. (2004). “Instrumentation and health monitoring of cable-supported bridges.” Struct. Contr. Health Monit., 11(2), 91–124.
Wong, K. Y., and Ni, Y. Q. (2009). “Structural health monitoring of cable-supported bridges in Hong Kong.” Structural health monitoring of civil infrastructure systems, V. M. Karbhari and F. Ansari, eds., Woodhead, Abington, Cambridge, U.K., 371–411.
Worden, K. (1997). “Structural fault detection using a novelty measure.” J. Sound Vib., 201(1), 85–101.
Worden, K., Sohn, H., and Farrar, C. R. (2002). “Novelty detection in a changing environment: Regression and interpolation approaches.” J. Sound Vib., 258(4), 741–761.
Xia, Y., Hao, H., Zanardo, G., and Deeks, A. (2006). “Long term vibration monitoring of an RC slab: Temperature and humidity effect.” Eng. Struct., 28(3), 441–452.
Yan, A. M., Kerschen, G., De Boe, P., and Golinval, J. C. (2005a). “Structural damage diagnosis under varying environmental conditions—Part I: A linear analysis.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 19(4), 847–864.
Yan, A. M., Kerschen, G., De Boe, P., and Golinval, J. C. (2005b). “Structural damage diagnosis under varying environmental conditions—Part II: Local PCA for non-linear cases.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 19(4), 865–880.
Zhou, H. F., Ni, Y. Q., Ko, J. M., and Wong, K. Y. (2008). “Modeling of wind and temperature effects on modal frequencies and analysis of relative strength of effect.” Wind Struct., 11(1), 35–50.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 21, 2008
Accepted: May 24, 2011
Published online: May 26, 2011
Published in print: Dec 1, 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.