Effects of Chemical Conditioners on Deep Dewatering of Urban Dewatered Sewage Sludge in the Temporary Sludge Lagoon
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 10
Abstract
To solve problems regarding the urgent need for deep dewatering of massive urban dewatered sewage sludge in the temporary sludge lagoon (UDSS-TSL), this study investigated the effects of various chemical conditioners on the deep dewatering of UDSS-TSL. The study used sludge-specific resistance to filtration, coefficient of consolidation, permeability coefficient, bound-water content, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the filtrate as indices to evaluate the conditioning effect. It was found that the influence of flocculation conditioners on the deep dewatering of UDSS-TSL is relatively low. Skeleton-builder conditioners, coal powder for example, did not improve the dewaterability of UDSS-TSL. Since CaO has the capabilities of flocculation, skeleton building, and cell disruption, the experimental results showed that, compared with other conditioners used in this study, CaO had the most significant effect. With a CaO dosage of 67% dry solids, specific resistance to filtration decreased by 80% compared with that of the raw sludge, the consolidation coefficient at each level of stress increased 3.5–8.2 times that of the raw sludge, and the water content was 40% after complete consolidation under 100 kPa. These results indicate that CaO conditioning for deep dewatering of UDSS-TSL is feasible.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51609069) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2018B04914). The authors would like to thank Kai Tao for performing some of the tests in the Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing. The authors also thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.
References
Agerbaek, M. L., and K. Keiding. 1993. “On the origin of specific resistance to filtration.” Water Sci. Technol. 28 (1): 159–168.
Cai, L., D. Gao, T.-B. Chen, H.-T. Liu, G.-D. Zheng, and Q.-W. Yang. 2012. “Moisture variation associated with water input and evaporation during sewage sludge bio-drying.” Bioresour. Technol. 117 (Aug): 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.092.
Chinese Standard. 1989. Water quality—Determination of total phosphorus—Ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method. [In Chinese.] GB/T 11893. Beijing: Chinese Standard.
Chinese Standard. 2009a. Disposal of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant—Control standard for agricultural use. [In Chinese.] CJ/T 309. Beijing: Chinese Standard.
Chinese Standard. 2009b. Disposal of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant—Quality of sludge for co-landfilling. [In Chinese.] GB/T 23485. Beijing: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine.
Deneux-Mustin, S., B. S. Lartiges, G. Villemin, F. Thomas, J. Yvon, J. L. Bersillon, and D. Snidaro. 2001. “Ferric chloride and lime conditioning of activated sludges: An electron microscopic study on resin-embedded samples.” Water Res. 35 (12): 3018–3024. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00003-3.
Estrela, C., F. C. Pimenta, I. Y. Ito, and L. L. Bammann. 1998. “In vitro determination of direct antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide.” J. Endodontics 24 (1): 15–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(98)80205-7.
Gardner, R. 1937. “A method of measuring the capillary tension of soil moisture over a wide moisture range.” Soil Sci. 43 (4): 277–284. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193704000-00004.
He, C., C. L. Chen, Z. R. Xu, and J. Y. Wang. 2014. “Highly efficient secondary dewatering of dewatered sewage sludge using low boiling point solvents.” Environ. Technol. 35 (1): 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2013.812667.
Imc, L., K. C. Lai, and G. H. Chen. 2001. “Salinity effect on mechanical dewatering of sludge with and without chemical conditioning.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 (23): 4691. https://doi.org/10.1021/es010834x.
Lebedev, A. F. 1936. Soil and groundwaters. [In Russian.] Moscow, Russia: Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
Li, Y. L., J. W. Liu, J. Y. Chen, Y. F. Shi, W. Mao, H. Liu, Y. Li, S. He, and J. K. Yang. 2014. “Reuse of dewatered sewage sludge conditioned with skeleton builders as landfill cover material.” Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 11 (1): 233–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-013-0199-y.
Liang, J., S. Huang, Y. Dai, L. Li, and S. Sun. 2015. “Dewaterability of five sewage sludges in Guangzhou conditioned with Fenton’s reagent/lime and pilot-scale experiments using ultrahigh pressure filtration system.” Water Res. 84 (Nov): 243–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.041.
Lin, W., X. Zhan, T. L. Zhan, Y. Chen, Y. Jin, and J. Jiang. 2014. “Effect of FeCl3-conditioning on consolidation property of sewage sludge and vacuum preloading test with integrated PVDs at the Changan Landfill, China.” Geotext. Geomembr. 42 (3): 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2013.12.008.
Liu, H., J. K. Yang, N. R. Zhu, H. Zhang, Y. Li, S. He, C. Z. Yang, and H. Yao. 2013. “A comprehensive insight into the combined effects of Fenton’s reagent and skeleton builders on sludge deep dewatering performance.” J. Hazard. Mater. 258 (Aug): 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.04.036.
Liu, H. B., H. Xiao, B. Fu, and H. Liu. 2017. “Feasibility of sludge deep-dewatering with sawdust conditioning for incineration disposal without energy input.” Chem. Eng. J. 313 (Apr): 655–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.09.107.
Liu, X., J. Shi, Y. Zhao, Z. Li, and J. Zhang. 2012. “Experimental research on lime drying process of mechanical dewatered sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in Beijing.” In Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Waste Management and Technology, edited by L. Jinhui and H. Hualong, 335–339. Netherlands: Procedia Environmental Sciences.
Lu, L. H., Z. D. Pan, N. Hao, and W. Q. Peng. 2014. “A novel acrylamide-free flocculant and its application for sludge dewatering.” Water Res. 57 (Jun): 304–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.047.
Lukicheva, I., K. Pagilla, G. Tian, A. Cox, and T. Granato. 2014. “Enhanced stabilization of digested sludge during long-term storage in anaerobic lagoons.” Water Environ. Res. 86 (4): 291–295. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143013X13778144233936.
Lukicheva, I., G. Tian, A. Cox, T. Granato, and K. Pagilla. 2012. “Anaerobic and aerobic transformations affecting stability of dewatered sludge during long-term storage in a lagoon.” Water Environ. Res. 84 (1): 17–24. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143011X13184214855975.
Ministry of Environmental Protection. 2007. Water quality—Determination of the chemical oxygen demand—Fast digestion-spectrophotometric method. [In Chinese.] HJ/T 399. Beijing: Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Ministry of Environmental Protection. 2012. Water quality—Determination of total nitrogen—Alkaline potassium persulfate digestion UV spectrophotometric method. [In Chinese.] HJ 636. Beijing: Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Ministry of Environmental Protection. 2015. Environmental statistics annual report 2008–2015. [In Chinese.] Beijing: Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Ministry of Water Resources. 1999. Specification of soil test—Consolidation test. [In Chinese.] SL 237-015. Beijing: Ministry of Water Resources.
Niu, M., W. Zhang, D. Wang, Y. Chen, and R. Chen. 2013. “Correlation of physicochemical properties and sludge dewaterability under chemical conditioning using inorganic coagulants.” Bioresour. Technol. 144 (Sep): 337–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.126.
O’Kelly, B. C. 2005. “Consolidation properties of a dewatered municipal sewage sludge.” Can. Geotech. J. 42 (5): 1350–1358. https://doi/10.1139/t05-054#.XR2rN3asex8.
Shanableh, A. 2017. “Modelling impact of precipitation of magnesium using lime on removal of select wastewater contaminants.” Desalin. Water. Treat. 100: 287–294. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.21202.
Subramanian, S. B., S. Yan, R. D. Tyagi, and R. Y. Surampalli. 2010. “Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) producing bacterial strains of municipal wastewater sludge: Isolation, molecular identification, EPS characterization and performance for sludge settling and dewatering.” Water Res. 44 (7): 2253–2266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.12.046.
Tokumura, M., M. Sekine, M. Yoshinari, H. T. Znad, and Y. Kawase. 2007. “Photo-Fenton process for excess sludge disintegration.” Process Biochem. 42 (4): 627–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2006.11.010.
Valderrama, C., R. Granados, and J. Luis Cortina. 2013. “Stabilisation of dewatered domestic sewage sludge by lime addition as raw material for the cement industry: Understanding process and reactor performance.” Chem. Eng. J. 232 (Oct): 458–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.07.104.
Xia, C., Q. Y. Yue, F. Y. Song, X. Y. Liu, B. Y. Gao, T. Zhang, Q. Li, and Y. Wang. 2014. “A study on the deep dewatering of urban dewatered-sewage sludge by aluminum chloride.” Desalin. Water. Treat. 57 (2): 545–552. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.967728.
Zhan, T. L., X. Zhan, W. Lin, X. Luo, and Y. Chen. 2014. “Field and laboratory investigation on geotechnical properties of sewage sludge disposed in a pit at Changan Landfill, Chengdu, China.” Eng. Geol. 170 (Feb): 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.12.006.
Zhan, X. J., W. A. Lin, L. T. Zhan, and Y. M. Chen. 2015. “Field implementation of FeCl3-conditioning and vacuum preloading for sewage sludge disposed in a sludge lagoon: A case study.” Geosynthetics Int. 22 (4): 327–338. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.15.00015.
Zhang, J., C. Xia, Q. Yue, B. Gao, K. Yang, S. Wu, and Y. Kan. 2017a. “Application of FeCl3 to adjust urban sewage-dewatered sludge (UDSS) containing cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) for further dewatering.” Water Air Soil Pollut. 228 (6): 196. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11270-017-3377-6.
Zhang, J., Q. Yue, C. Xia, K. Yang, P. Zhao, B. Gao, and H. Yu. 2017b. “The study of Na2SiO3 as conditioner used to deep dewater the urban sewage dewatered sludge by filter press.” Sep. Purif. Technol. 174 (Mar): 331–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.11.004.
Zhu, W., C. L. Zhang, and A. C. F. Chiu. 2007. “Soil-water transfer mechanism for solidified dredged materials.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. 133 (5): 588–598. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:5(588).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 145 • Issue 10 • October 2019
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 18, 2018
Accepted: Jan 4, 2019
Published online: Jul 31, 2019
Published in print: Oct 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Dec 31, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.