Catalytic Electrochemical Reduction of Perchlorate over Rh-Cu/SS and Rh-Ru/SS Electrodes in Dilute Aqueous Solution
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 8
Abstract
Mono metallic (Mo, Ru, Rh, Cu, and Pd) and bimetallic (Rh-Cu and Rh-Ru) catalysts supported on stainless steel (SS) were prepared for perchlorate reduction. Results showed that perchlorate reduction followed a decreasing order: . Bimetallic catalyst SS-supported electrodes exhibited significant perchlorate reduction; perchlorate reduction over Rh-Cu/SS (78% reduction) was greater than that on Rh-Ru/SS (60% reduction). Chloride production was high at 95%. The imbalance in the chlorine mass could be attributed to the adsorption of perchlorate on the electrode and chlorine formation. Metal oxides and elemental metal dominated the catalyst surface based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra showed the presence of both crystalline and amorphous metallic catalysts. The free energy of perchlorate adsorption on the Rh-Cu/SS was around . The activation energy () of perchlorate reduction on the Rh-Cu/SS electrode was and in the temperature range of 303–343 K and 283–298 K, respectively. A proposed perchlorate reduction pathway was developed and successfully used to predict the reaction kinetics. No other oxyanions of chlorine, such as , , or , were detected as intermediates during perchlorate reduction.
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Acknowledgments
The materials presented in this paper were based upon work supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. 0965984 under the Environmental Engineering Program, Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems.
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Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 145 • Issue 8 • August 2019
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 6, 2018
Accepted: Dec 5, 2018
Published online: Jun 13, 2019
Published in print: Aug 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Nov 13, 2019
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