Modelo para la Innovación Sistemática en Empresas Constructoras
Publication: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 140, Issue 4
RESUMEN
Los motivos que impulsan a las empresas constructoras a innovar, así como los procedimientos que utilizan, no han sido suficientemente explorados hasta el momento en la literatura sobre gestión de la construcción. Este artículo describe los “cómos” y “por qués” que respaldan el impulso innovador en una empresa constructora. El método de investigación se fundamenta en la validación de un modelo desarrollado mediante un estudio de caso; éste se centra en una empresa constructora de tamaño medio que implementó y certificó un sistema de gestión de la innovación, según lo establecido en la norma española. Los estudios desarrollados por los autores durante cinco años generaron un conjunto de 18 proposiciones que definen un modelo explicativo de la gestión de la innovación. Este artículo reporta la validación externa del modelo por medio de un conjunto de entrevistas, cuyos resultados corroboran plenamente 15 de las proposiciones planteadas. Los principales inductores de innovación en las empresas constructoras son los problemas técnicos que aparecen en obra, los requerimientos de los clientes y la alta dirección de la empresa. Las oportunidades de innovación se identifican como resultado del examen de los procesos internos de la empresa, de las obras y del entorno. Identificar, desarrollar y transferir una solución innovadora requiere la implantación de la vigilancia tecnológica y de la gestión del conocimiento en la organización. Finalmente, la investigación concluye que el principal beneficio de la gestión de la innovación es el incremento de la capacidad técnica de la empresa, mientras que las dos principales barreras para la innovación son la priorización de los procesos productivos y la falta de apoyo de los dirigentes de la empresa.
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AGRADECIMIENTOS
Esta investigación fue parcialmente financiada por la Universidad Católica del Maule (proyecto MECESUP-UCM0205), el Ministerio de Fomento del Gobierno de España (proyecto 2004-36) y la Universitat Politècnica de València (contrato UPV-20050921). Los autores agradecen a Ricardo Lacort, Francisco J. Vea y Manuel Civera toda la colaboración y el apoyo prestado, y a José C. Teixeira las sugerencias aportadas. Asimismo, los autores agradecen a los revisores anónimos sus sugerencias y comentarios constructivos.
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Published In
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 140 • Issue 4 • Abril 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 28, 2011
Accepted: Ago 11, 2011
Published online: Ago 13, 2011
Published in print: Abr 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Jun 6, 2014
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