Comparative Analysis of Excavation Schemes for a Tunnel Constructed through Loose Deposits
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 30, Issue 4
Abstract
Because of weak surrounding rock, tunnels constructed in loose deposits are prone to collapse, and secondary linings commonly suffer excessive deformation. Therefore, it is important to select an appropriate excavation scheme, which will affect both tunnel construction safety and subsequent tunnel operations. This paper takes the Tingziba tunnel, a highway tunnel shallowly buried in loose deposits of diluvial and proluvial origin, as an example. During construction, this tunnel experienced many instances of vault collapse and advanced support destruction. Isotropically consolidated drained (CD) compression tests were carried out on reconstituted specimens to obtain the mechanical parameters of the loose deposits. Three-dimensional modeling was performed to simulate stress and deformation distributions in the tunnel after excavation by three different schemes, i.e., up and down bench tunneling, three-bench tunneling, and single-side heading tunneling. The comparative analysis results showed that single-side heading tunneling was more suitable for this tunnel and could both reduce vault displacement and constrain plastic zone development. The results should be significant for tunnel design and construction in similar geologic environments.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant No. 2014CB047004).
References
Brox, D., and Hagedorn, H. (1999). “Extreme deformation and damage during the construction of large tunnels.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 14(1), 23–28.
Dalgic, S. (2000). “The influence of weak rocks on excavation and support of the Beykoz Tunnel, Turkey.” Eng. Geol., 58(2), 137–148.
Ding, W. Q., Wang, X. X., Li, Z. G., Wang, J. X., and Chu, X. D. (2005). “Optimal analysis of construction schemes for shallow large span Longshan twin tunnel.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 24(22), 4042–4047.
FLAC3D version 3.0 [Computer software]. Minneapolis, Itasca Consulting Group.
Guan, Z. C., Jiang, Y. J., Tanabashi, Y., and Huang, H. W. (2008). “A new rheological model and its application in mountain tunnelling.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 23(3), 292–299.
Hisatake, M., and Ohno, S. (2008). “Effects of pipe roof supports and the excavation method on the displacements above a tunnel face.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 23(2), 120–127.
Irfan, T. Y., and Tang, K. Y. (1993). “Effect of the coarse fractions on the shear strength of colluvium.”, Civil Engineering and Development Dept., Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, 48–49.
Jeng, F. S., Weng, M. C., Huang, T. H., and Lin, M. L. (2002). “Deformational characteristics of weak sandstone and impact to tunnel deformation.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 17(3), 263–274.
Jiang, A. N., Li, P., and Shi, H. T. (2011). “Shallow depth of the tunnel excavation response research based on CRD method.” Procedia. Eng., 15, 4852–4856.
Karakusa, M., and Fowell, R. J. (2003). “Effects of different tunnel face advance excavation on the settlement by FEM.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 18(5), 513–523.
Lee, Y. Z., and Schubert, W. (2008). “Determination of the round length for tunnel excavation in weak rock.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 23(3), 221–231.
Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. (2010). “Code for design of road tunnel.” JTJ D70-2004, China Communication Press, Beijing.
Oreste, P. P., and Peila, D. (1997). “Modelling progressive hardening of shotcrete in convergence-confinement approach to tunnel design.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 12(3), 425–431.
Ozsan, A., and Basarr, H. (2003). “Support capacity estimation of a diversion tunnel in weak rock.” Eng. Geol., 68(3-4), 319–331.
Shahrour, I., Khoshnoudian, F., Sadek, M., and Mroueh, H. (2010). “Elastoplastic analysis of the seismic response of tunnels in soft soils.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 25(4), 478–482.
Sharifzadeh, M., Kolivand, F., Ghorbani, M., and Yasrobi, S. (2013a). “Design of sequential excavation method for large span urban tunnels in soft ground—Niayesh tunnel.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 35, 178–188.
Sharifzadeh, M., Tarifard, A., and Moridi, M. A. (2013b). “Time-dependent behavior of tunnel lining in weak rock mass based on displacement back analysis method.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 38, 348–356.
Tang, J. S., Liu, S. Y., and Tong, L. Y. (2008). “The minimum safe net distance between of large span expressway tunnels.” Chin. Civil Eng. J., 41(12), 80–84.
Vermeer, P. A., and De Borst, R. (1984). “Non-associated plasticity for soils, concrete and rock.” Heron, 29(3), 7–8.
Wang, Z. C., Wong, R. C. K., Li, S. C., and Qiao, L. P. (2012). “Finite element analysis of long-term surface settlement above a shallow tunnel in soft ground.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 30, 85–92.
Weng, M. C., Tsai, L. S., Liao, C. Y., and Jeng, F. S. (2010). “Numerical modeling of tunnel excavation in weak sandstone using a time-dependent anisotropic degradation model.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 25(4), 397–406.
Xiao, J. Z., et al. (2014). “Cracking mechanism of secondary lining for a shallow and asymmetrically-loaded tunnel in loose deposits.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 43, 232–240.
Yoo, C. (2009). “Performance of multi-faced tunnelling—A 3D numerical investigation.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 24(5), 562–573.
Zhu, H. H., Ye, B., Cai, Y. C., and Zhang, F. (2013). “An elasto-viscoplastic model for soft rock around tunnels considering overconsolidation and structure effects.” Comput. Geotech., 50, 6–16.
Zhu, W. S., Li, S. C., Li, S. C., Chen, W. Z., and Lee, C. F. (2003). “Systematic numerical simulation of rock tunnel stability considering different rock conditions and construction effects.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 18(5), 531–536.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 30 • Issue 4 • August 2016
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 23, 2014
Accepted: Jun 3, 2015
Published online: Jul 15, 2015
Discussion open until: Dec 15, 2015
Published in print: Aug 1, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.