Flexural Strengthening of Substandard Reinforced Concrete Bridge Wall Piers with CFRP Systems under Cyclic Loads
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 25, Issue 3
Abstract
Reinforced concrete bridge wall piers constructed according to older codes experience damage during earthquakes, which can lead to bridge collapse. Deficiencies include inadequate design and detailing of longitudinal and transverse steel reinforcement and deficient lap splices. Three wall piers were constructed using as-built reinforcement details conforming to pre-1973 requirements to evaluate flexural strengthening strategies. The first wall pier was used as the control specimen. The second wall pier was retrofitted using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) jackets and transverse CFRP anchors placed through the section for the confinement of the lap-spliced region and vertical CFRP anchors to improve flexural capacity. The third wall pier was retrofitted similarly to the second pier by using vertical near-surface mounted (NSM) CFRP rods. The piers were tested under cyclic lateral load until failure. Both retrofitted wall piers were able to achieve significantly higher flexural capacity, stiffness, and hysteretic energy dissipation when compared with the control wall pier specimen. The as-built wall specimen was not able to develop the theoretical flexural capacity due to lap splice clamping failure; both retrofitted specimens exceeded the theoretical flexural capacity of the as-built wall specimen.
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Mountain-Plains Consortium (MPC) under Project No. MPC-526. The authors acknowledge Structural Technologies for supplying the V-Wrap CFRP strengthening systems. The authors acknowledge the support of Mark Bryant of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Utah.
The authors thank the reviewers for their comments.
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- Af
- area of CFRP NSM rods or CFRP vertical anchors;
- As
- area of steel bars;
- CE
- environmental reduction factor;
- db
- diameter of CFRP element;
- Fmax
- maximum lateral load;
- ffd
- design stress of externally bonded FRP reinforcement;
- ffu
- ultimate tensile strength of CFRP reinforcement;
- fsu
- ultimate tensile strength of steel;
- ldb
- critical length required to develop the effective CFRP stress;
- Δy
- yield displacement;
- Δu
- ultimate displacement;
- δmax
- maximum deflection;
- k
- average stiffness;
- µΔ
- displacement ductility ratio;
- τb
- average bond strength; and
- ψf
- FRP strength reduction factor for flexure.
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Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 25 • Issue 3 • June 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 9, 2020
Accepted: Dec 10, 2020
Published online: Feb 23, 2021
Published in print: Jun 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Jul 23, 2021
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