Development of Optimal Anchor for Basalt Fiber–Reinforced Polymer Rods
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 25, Issue 3
Abstract
Basalt fiber–reinforced polymer (BFRP) has been the most recent fiber–reinforced polymer (FRP) composite material introduced as reinforcement and prestressing tendons for concrete. Measuring the mechanical properties of BFRP rod/tendon is challenging using the existing mechanical testing methods due to their relatively lower transverse direction strength. Hence, gripping of the BFRP rods using the conventional wedge-type anchors becomes unsuitable because it causes stress concentration and exerts localized high transverse pressure on the specimen, which results in premature failure at the grips, instead of the desired rupture of the gauge section. This study is focused on the development of a new anchor for the prestressing of the BFRP rods based on using expansive cement as a grout material. The goal is to ensure a uniform distribution of pressure around the BFRP rods to avoid their failure within the wedge during prestressing. Pull-out tests were conducted on several samples with different anchor dimensions to study the interaction between the expansive cement and the BFRP rod. The parameters affecting the gripping behavior were investigated, and the design of the anchor was optimized based on finite-element simulations using commercially available software.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ABAQUS. 2014. ABAQUS 6.14 analysis user’s guide. Vélizy-Villacoublay, France: Dassault Systèmes.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2004. Prestressing concrete structures with FRP tendons. ACI 440.4R-04. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Al-Mayah, A., K. Soudki, and A. Plumtree. 2007. “Novel anchor system for CFRP rod: Finite-element and mathematical models.” J. Compos. Constr. 11 (5): 469–476. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:5(469).
Atutis, M., J. Valivonis, and E. Atutis. 2018. “Experimental study of concrete beams prestressed with basalt fiber reinforced polymers. Part II: Stress relaxation phenomenon.” Compos. Struct. 202: 344–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.01.109.
Benmokrane, B., B. Zhang, and A. Chennouf. 2000. “Tensile properties and pullout behaviour of AFRP and CFRP rods for grouted anchor applications.” Constr. Build. Mater. 14 (3): 157–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(00)00017-9.
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards). 2007. IS 800: General construction in steel-code of practice. BIS 800. New Delhi, India: BIS.
Budynas, R. G. 1999. Advanced strength and applied stress analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Castro, P. F., and N. J. Carino. 1998. “Tensile and nondestructive testing of FRP bars.” J. Compos. Constr. 2 (1): 17–27. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(1998)2:1(17).
El Refai, A. 2013. “Durability and fatigue of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer bars gripped with steel wedge anchors.” J. Compos. Constr. 17 (6): 04013006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000417.
Faye, P. N., Y. Ye, and B. Diao. 2017. “Bond effects between concrete and steel bar using different diameter bars and different initial crack width.” Adv. Civ. Eng. 2017: 8205081. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8205081.
Harada, T., T. Idemitsu, M. Khin, K. Soeda, and A. Watanabe. 1999. “A study of anchorage method for continuous fiber reinforcing material using highly expansive material.” Transl. Proc. Jpn. Soc. Civ. Eng. 627: 77–90.
Karbhari, V. M. 1998. Use of composite materials in civil infrastructure in Japan. Monograph by World Technology (WTEC) Division. Baltimore: International Technology Research Institute.
Lees, J. M., B. Gruffydd-Jones, and C. J. Burgoyne. 1995. “Expansive cement couplers: A means of pre-tensioning fiber-reinforced plastic tendons.” Constr. Build. Mater. 9 (6): 413–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(95)00070-4.
Saad, S. M., I. Patel, and N. Pethani. 2014. “Basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP): Effective replacement of steel in reinforced concrete.” In Proc., 5th Int. Conf. on Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering. New Delhi, India: Np.
Schesser, D., Q. Yang, and A. Nanni. 2012. “Design and analysis of expansive grout material-based gripping systems for tensile testing of large composite bars.” In Proc., SAMPE Int. Symp. and Exhibition, Emerging Opportunities, Materials and Process Solutions. California, CA: SAMPE Global and North America Offices.
Schesser, D., Q. D. Yang, A. Nanni, and J. W. Giancaspro. 2014. “Expansive grout-based gripping systems for tensile testing of large-diameter composite bars.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 26 (2): 250–258. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000807.
Spadea, S., J. Orr, A. Nanni, and Y. Yang. 2017. “Wound FRP shear reinforcement for concrete structures.” J. Compos. Constr. 21 (5): 04017026. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000807.
Wang, X., J. Shi, J. Liu, L. Yang, and Z. Wu. 2014. “Creep behavior of basalt fiber reinforced polymer tendons for prestressing application.” Mater. Des. 59: 558–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.03.009.
Wu, Z., X. Wang, and G. Wu. 2012. “Advancement of structural safety and sustainability with basalt fiber reinforced polymers.” In Proc. CICE 2012 6th Int. Conf. on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, 15–29. Rome, Italy: International Institute for FRP in Construction (IIFC).
Wu, Z., S. Yang, J. Zheng, and X. Hu. 2010. “Analytical solution for the pull-out response of FRP rods embedded in steel tubes filled with cement grout.” Mater. Struct. 43 (5): 597–609. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-009-9515-x.
Zhang, B., B. Benmokrane, and A. Chennouf. 2000. “Prediction of tensile capacity of bond anchorages for FRP tendons.” J. Compos. Constr. 4 (2): 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2000)4:2(39).
Zhuge, P., Y. Yu, C. S. Cai, Z. H. Zhang, and Y. Ding. 2019. “Mechanical behavior and optimal design method for innovative CFRP cable anchor.” J. Compos. Constr. 23 (1): 04018067. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000900.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 25 • Issue 3 • June 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 28, 2020
Accepted: Dec 10, 2020
Published online: Feb 23, 2021
Published in print: Jun 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Jul 23, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.