Soil–Nail Pullout Interaction in Loose Fill Materials
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 6, Issue 4
Abstract
A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the behavior of soil nails embedded in loosely compacted sandy fills. By varying the overburden pressure, the peak pullout force and the load–displacement behavior were determined by carrying out pullout tests in a displacement-rate controlled manner. The test results were compared to other published ones. The present results show that the pullout resistance can be interpreted with conventional soil parameters. The effect of retrained dilatancy, which is considered to be the reason for high pullout resistance in dense materials, is negligible in loose fill materials except under very low stress level. Furthermore, pullout resistance increases with overburden pressure opposed to some field test results reported in the literature which show no systematic trend in pullout resistance with overburden pressure. A numerical model was developed to simulate the mobilization of pullout force in soil nails. It has been shown that a simple one-dimensional spring model can be used to simulate the pullout load–displacement relationship.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers would like to acknowledge financial support to this research by the Research Grant Council of HKSAR Government (Grant No. CA99/00, EG01) and the Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust. They would like to thank the technical staff of the Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong for their assistance in carrying out the tests. The help of Mr. Y. H. Wang in the numerical modeling is gratefully acknowledged.
References
Bridle, R. J. (1989). “Soil nailing-analysis and design.” Ground Eng., 22(6), 52–56.
Cartier, G., and Gigan, J. P. (1983). “Experiments and observations on soil nailing structures.” Proc., 8th European Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, H. G. Rathmayer and K. H. O. Saari, eds., Helsinki, Finland, 473–476.
Clough, G. W., and Duncan, J. M. (1971). “Finite-element analyses of retaining wall behavior.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 97(12), 1657–1673.
Feijo, R. L., and Erhlich, M. (2003). “Nail pullout tests in residual soils in Rio De Janeiro-Brazil.” Proc., Soil-Rock America 2003, P. J. Culligan, H. H. Einstein, and A. J. Whittle, eds., Cambridge, U.K., 2133–2138.
Franzen, G. (1998). “A laboratory and field study of pullout capacity.” Doctoral thesis, Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
GEO (1998). “Guide to rock and soil descriptions.” Geoguide 3, Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering Dept., The Government of Hong Kong SAR.
Guilloux, A., and Schlosser, F. (1982). “Soil nailing: Practical application.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Recent Development in Ground Improvement Technique, A. S. Balasubramaniam, ed., Bangkok, Thailand, 389–397.
Guilloux, A., Schlosser, F., and Long, N. T. (1979). “Laboratory study of friction between soil and reinforcements.” Proc., Int. Conf. Soil and Reinforcements, Paris, France, 1, 35–40.
Heymann, G., Rohde, A. W., Schwartz, K., and Fiedlaender, E. (1992). “Soil nail pullout resistance in residual soils.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Earth Reinforcement Practice, H. Ochiai, S. Hayashi, and J. Otani, eds., Fukuoka, Japan, 487–492.
Jaky, J. (1948). “Earth pressure in soils.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Rotterdam, TheNetherlands, 103–107.
Jewell, R. A. (1990). “Review of theoretical models for soil nailing.” Proc., Int. Reinforced Soil Conf., A. McGown, K. Yeo, and K. Z. Andrawes, eds., Glasgow, U.K., 265–275.
Junaideen, S. M. (2001). “The design and performance of a pressure chamber for testing soil nails in loose fill.” MPhil thesis, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Junaideen, S. M., Tham, L. G., Law, K. T., Lee, C. F., and Yue, Z. Q. (2004). “Laboratory study of soil–nail interaction in loose completely decomposed granite.” Can. Geotech. J., 41(2), 274–286.
Li, J. (2003). “Field study of soil nailed loose fill slope.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Milligan, G. W. E., Chang, K. T., and Morris, J. D. (1997). “Pullout resistance of soil nails in sand and clay.” Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. of Ground Improvement Geosystems, M. C. R. Davies and F. Scholler, eds., London, 415–422.
Potyondy, J. G. (1961). “Skin friction between various soils and construction materials.” Geotechnique, 11(4), 339–353.
Pradhan, B. (2003). “Pullout behavior of soil nails in completely decomposed granite fill.” MPhil thesis, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Schlosser, F. (1982). “Behavior and design of soil nailing.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Recent Development in Ground Improvement Technique, A. S. Balasubramaniam, ed., Bangkok, Thailand, 399–413.
Vermeer, P. A. (1990). “The orientation of shear bands in biaxial tests.” Geotechnique, 40(2), 223–236.
Wang, Z., and Richwien, W. (2002). “A study of soil-reinforcement friction.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 128(1), 92–94.
Watkins, A. T., and Powell, G. E. (1992). “Soil nailing to existing slopes as landslip preventive works.” Hong Kong Eng., 20, March, 20–27.
Xanthakos, P. P. (1991). Ground anchors and anchored structure, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 6 • Issue 4 • July 2006
Pages: 238 - 247
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: Jul 2, 2004
Accepted: Sep 29, 2005
Published online: Jul 1, 2006
Published in print: Jul 2006
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.