Ductility and Cracking Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Beams Strengthened with Prestressed CFRP Sheets
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 12, Issue 3
Abstract
This paper investigates the flexure of prestressed concrete beams strengthened with prestressed carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets, focusing on ductility and cracking behavior. Structural ductility of a beam strengthened with CFRP sheets is critical, considering the abrupt and brittle failure of CFRP sheets themselves. Cracking may also affect serviceability of a strengthened beam, and may be especially important for durability. Midscale prestressed concrete beams are constructed and a significant loss of prestress is simulated by reducing the reinforcement ratio to observe the strengthening effects. A nonlinear iterative analytical model, including tension of concrete, is developed and a nonlinear finite-element analysis is conducted to predict the flexural behavior of tested beams. The prestressed CFRP sheets result in less localized damage in the strengthened beam and the level of the prestress in the sheets significantly contributes to the ductility and cracking behavior of the strengthened beams. Consequently, the recommended level of prestress to the CFRP sheets is 20% of the ultimate design strain with adequate anchorages.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers wish to acknowledge the support of the Intelligent Sensing for Innovative Structures Network (ISIS Canada), Queen’s University, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, and the Government of Ontario through the Premier’s Research Excellence Award. The assistance of technical staff at Queen’s University is greatly appreciated.NRC
References
AASHTO. (2003). AASHTO LRFD bridge design specification—SI unit, 1998 (2003 interim revisions), 2nd Ed., AASHTO, Washington, D.C.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2005). “Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-05) and commentary (ACI 318R-05).” ACI-318, Farmington, Mich.
ANSYS. (2003). ANSYS online manual, Canonsburg, Pa.
ASCE. (2003). “ASCE infrastructure report card.” ASCE News, 28(9).
Canadian Prestressed Concrete Institute (CPCI). (1996). Design manual: Precast and prestressed concrete, 3rd Ed., Ottawa.
Cement Association of Canada. (2006). Concrete design handbook, CAN/CSA A23.3-04, 3rd Ed., Ottawa.
Collins, M. P., and Mitchell, D. (1987). Prestressed concrete basics, Canadian Prestressed Concrete Institute (CPCI), Ottawa.
Comité Euro-International du Béton/Fédération International de la Précontrainte (CEB-FIP). (1993). CEB-FIP model code, Thomas Telford, London.
CSA International. (2000). Canadian highway bridge design code (CHBDC), CAN/CSA S6-00, Toronto.
El-Hacha, R., Green, M. F., and Wight, R. G. (2004). “Prestressed carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheets for strengthening concrete beams at room and low temperatures.” J. Compos. Constr., 8(1), 3–13.
El-Hacha, R., Wight, R. G., and Green, M. F. (2001). “Prestressed fibre-reinforced polymer laminates for strengthening structures.” Prog. Struct. Eng. Mater., 3, 111–121.
Federal Highway Administration (FHwA). (1998). “Our nation’s highways.” Publication No. FHWA-PL-98-015, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Office of Highway Information Management, McLean, Va.
Grace, N. F., Soliman, A. K., Abdel-Sayed, G., and Saleh, K. R. (1998). “Behavior and ductility of simple and continuous FRP reinforced beams.” J. Compos. Constr., 2(4), 186–194.
Honorio, U. V. (2002). “CFRP sheet strengthening of damaged full-scale double-T prestressed concrete beams.” MASc thesis, The Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ont., Canada.
Kemp, A. R. (1998). “The achievement of ductility in reinforced concrete beams.” Mag. Concrete Res., 50(2), 123–132.
Kim, Y. J., Shi, C., Bizindavyi, L., and Green, M. F. (2007). “Applying prestressed CFRP sheets to restore prestress losses in prestressed concrete beams.” ACI Special Publication, ACI SP-245, 105–122.
Longworth, J. M. (2004). “Prestressed CFRP sheets for strengthening two-way concrete slabs.” MASc thesis, The Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ont., Canada.
Longworth, J. M., Bizindavyi, L., Wight, R. G., and Erki, M. A. (2004). “Prestressed CFRP sheets for strengthening two-way slabs in flexure.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures (ACMBS-IV) (CD-ROM), CSCE, Calgary, Alta., Canada.
MacGregor, J. G., and Bartlett, F. M. (2000). Reinforced concrete mechanics and design, Prentice-Hall Canada Inc., Scarborough, Ont., Canada.
MBrace. (1998). MBrace TM composite strengthening system design guide, Master Builders, Inc., Cleveland.
MBrace. (2002). MBrace composite strengthening system engineering design guidelines, 3rd Ed., Watson Bowman Acme Corp., Cleveland
MBrace. (2004). “Mbrace data sheet.” ⟨http://www.wbacorp.com/main-pages/downloads-data.htm⟩ (Jan. 2004).
Meier, U. (1995). “Strengthening of structures using carbon fibre/epoxy composites.” Constr. Build. Mater., 9(6), 341–351.
Newhook, J., Ghali, A., and Tadros, G. (2002). “Concrete flexural members reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer: Design for cracking and deformability.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 29, 125–134.
Pam, H. J., Kwan, A. K. H., and Islam, M. S. (2001). “Flexural strength and ductility of reinforced normal- and high-strength concrete beams.” Struct. and Build., 146(4), 381–389.
Rizkalla, S., and Labossiere, P. (1999). “Structural engineering with FRP—In Canada.” Concr. Int., 21(10), 25–28.
Shah, S. P., Swartz, S. E., and Ouyang, C. (1995). Fracture mechanics of concrete: Applications of fracture mechanics to concrete, rock, and other quasi-brittle materials, Wiley, New York.
Shi, C. (2003). “Static and fatigue behaviour of prestressed concrete beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP sheets.” MSc (Eng.) thesis, Queen’s Univ., Kingston, Ont., Canada.
Spadea, G., Swamy, R. N., and Bencardino, F. (2001). “Strength and ductility of RC beams repaired with bonded CFRP laminates.” J. Compos. Constr., 6(5), 349–355
Teng, J. G., Chen, J. F., Smith, T., and Lam, L. (2002). FRP-strengthened RC structures, Wiley, West Sussex, U.K.
Teng, J. G., Lu, X. Z., Ye, L. P., and Jiang, J. J. (2004). “Recent research on intermediate crack-induced debonding in FRP-strengthened RC beams.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures (ACMBS-IV) (CD-ROM), CSCE, Calgary, Alta., Canada.
Triantafillou, T. C., Deskovic, N., and Deuring, M. (1992). “Strengthening of concrete structures with prestressed fiber reinforced plastic sheets.” ACI Struct. J., 89(3), 235–244.
Zou, P. X. W. (2003). “Flexural behavior and deformability of fiber reinforced polymer prestressed concrete beams.” J. Compos. Constr., 7(4), 275–284.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 12 • Issue 3 • June 2008
Pages: 274 - 283
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: Jun 20, 2006
Accepted: Aug 13, 2007
Published online: Jun 1, 2008
Published in print: Jun 2008
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.