Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Wrapped Concrete Cylinders
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 7, Issue 4
Abstract
The rehabilitation, repair, and strengthening of concrete structures has increased worldwide with a growing number of systems employing externally applied fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. However, the service life and effectiveness of FRP repair and strengthening techniques when applied to concrete in corrosive marine environments is still not well understood. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the corrosion performance of embedded steel reinforcement in cylindrical reinforced concrete specimens with 13 different surface treatment options. Samples were subjected to an impressed current and a high salinity solution. Test variables included the type of epoxy, wrap fiber orientation, and the number of wrap layers. Samples were evaluated for corrosion activity by monitoring corrosion potentials and impressed current flow levels, and by examining reinforcement mass loss and concrete chloride content among samples. Test results indicated that FRP wrapped specimens had prolonged test life, decreased reinforcement mass loss, and reduced concrete chloride content. The performance of wrapped specimens was superior to that of either control samples or those coated only with epoxy. Epoxy type had a significant effect on the performance of samples regarding their resistance to corrosion. It was concluded that carbon FRP wraps were able to confine concrete, slowing deterioration from cracking and spalling and inhibiting the passage of salt water.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (1999). “Building code requirements for structural concrete (318-99) and Commentary (318R-99).” Farmington Hills, Mich.
Amoco product data sheet; Fabric 12K T250. (1996). Amoco Polymers, Alpharetta, Ga.
ASTM. (1987). “Standard test method for half-cell potentials of reinforcing steel in concrete.” C 876-87, Philadelphia.
ASTM. (1990). “Standard test method for acid-soluble chloride in mortar and concrete.” C1152-90, Philadelphia.
Auyeung, Y., Balaguru, P., and Chung, L.(2000). “Bond behavior of corroded reinforcement bars.” ACI Mater. J., 97(2), 214–220.
Detwiler, R. J., Kjellsen, K. O., and Gjørv, O. E.(1991). “Resistance to chloride intrusion of concrete cured at different temperatures.” ACI Mater. J., 88(1), 19–24.
Gu, P., Beaudoin, J. J., Zhang, M.-H., and Malhotra, V. M.(1999). “Performance of steel reinforcement in portland cement and high-volume fly ash concretes exposed to chloride solution.” ACI Mater. J., 96(5), 551–558.
Hearn, N., and Aiello, J.(1998). “Effect of mechanical restraint on the rate of corrosion in concrete.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 25(1), 81–86.
Howie, I., and Karbhari, V. M. (1994). “Effect of materials architecture on strengthening efficiency of composite wraps for deteriorating columns in the north-east.” Proc., 3rd Material Engineering Conf., American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 199–206.
Juvandes, L., Figueiras, J. A., and Marques, A. T. (1998). “Performance of concrete beams strengthened with CFRP laminates.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Computers in Infrastructure, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz., 26–137.
Kaliakin, V. N., Chajes, M. J., and Januszka, T. F.(1996). “Analysis of concrete beams reinforced with externally bonded woven composite fabrics.” Composites, Part B, 27B, 235–244.
Karbhari, V. M.(1997). “On the durability of composite rehabilitation schemes for concrete: Use of a peel test.” J. Mater. Sci., 32(1), 147–156.
Kosmatka, S. H., and Panarese, W. C. (1998). “Proportioning normal concrete mixtures.” Design and control of concrete mixtures, 13th Ed., Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Ill., 77–93.
Lee, C., Bonacci, J. F., Thomas, M. D. A., Maalej, M., Khajehpour, S., Hearn, N., Pantazopoulou, S. J., and Sheikh, S.(2000). “Accelerated corrosion and repair of reinforced concrete columns using CFRP sheets.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 27, 941–948.
Mehta, P. K. (1986). Concrete: Structure, properties, and materials, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J.
Pantazopoulou, S. J., Bonacci, J. F., Sheikh, S., Thomas, M. D. A., and Hearn, N.(2001). “Repair of corrosion-damaged columns with FRP wraps.” J. Comp. Construc., 5(1), 3–11.
Picher, F., Rochette, P., and Labossiere, P. (1996). “Confinement of concrete cylinders with CFRP.” Proc., 1st Int. Conf. on Computers in Infrastructures, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz., 829–841.
Saadatmanesh, H., Ehsani, M. R., and Jin, L. (1994). “Seismic retrofit and design recommendations for reinforced concrete bridge columns.” NSF Final Rep., Grant No. MSS 9022667 and MSS 9257344, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mech., Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.
Sen, R., Mullins, G., and Snyder, D. (1999). “Ultimate capacity of corrosion damaged piles.” Rep. No. STR 795, Florida Dept. of Transportation, Tallahassee, Fla.
Sika Construction Products Catalog; Sika 62. (1996). Sika Corporation, Marion, Ohio.
Snow, R. K.(1999). “Encapsulation: Protecting concrete piles in marine environments.” Concr. Int., 21(12), 33–38.
Spainhour, L. K., and Thompson, I. M. (1998). “Effect of carbon fiber jackets on reinforced concrete columns exposed to a simulated tidal zone.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Computers in Infrastructure, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz., 426–439.
Toutanji, H. A., and Gomez, W.(1996). “Durability characteristics of concrete beams externally bonded with FRP composite sheets.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 19, 351–358.
Toutanji, H. A.(1999). “Stress-strain characteristics of concrete columns externally confined with advanced fiber composite sheets.” ACI Mater. J., 96(3), 397–404.
Toutanji, H. A., and Balaguru, P.(1998). “Durability characteristics of concrete columns wrapped with fiber tow sheets.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 10(1), 52–57.
West system technical manual and product guide; West system 105. (1994). Gougeon Brothers Inc., Bay City, Mich.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 7 • Issue 4 • November 2003
Pages: 339 - 347
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 24, 2001
Accepted: Aug 13, 2002
Published online: Oct 15, 2003
Published in print: Nov 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.