Reliability Index for Serviceability Limit State of Building Foundations
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 134, Issue 11
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on reliability-based design (RBD) for the ultimate limit state (ULS). Several RBD codes have been developed and implemented around the world that calibrate the ULS design for a target ULS reliability index . However, the serviceability limit-state (SLS) design still is considered using conventional deterministic approaches with an unknown SLS reliability index . This paper presents a relationship between and the that is specified already in the RBD codes. This relationship is linear, and a key variable in it is the ratio of the SLS capacity to the ULS capacity . Both closed-form approximations and Monte Carlo simulations are used to characterize probabilistically. For illustration, the relationship then is used to estimate for augered cast-in-place piles designed in accordance with the RBD methodologies in the National Building Code of Canada. The results are highly dependent on the statistics of the limiting tolerable foundation settlement . For larger values, the calculated , which means that ULS designs automatically satisfy SLS criteria. For smaller values, SLS criteria begin to control the design. The importance of sound criteria is stressed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The work described in this paper was supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [Project No. 9041260 (CityU 121307)] and a grant from City University of Hong Kong (Project No. 7002072).
References
AASHTO. (1997). LRFD highway bridge design specifications, AASHTO, Washington, D.C.
Ang, A. H.-S., and Tang, W. H. (1975). Probability concepts in engineering planning and design, Vol. 1, Wiley, New York.
Barker, R. M., Duncan, J. M., Rojiani, K. B., Ooi, P. S. K., Tan, C. K., and Kim, S. G. (1991). “Manuals for design of bridge foundations.” NCHRP Rep. 343, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
Becker, D. E. (1996). “Limit state design for foundations. Part II: Development for National Building Code of Canada.” Can. Geotech. J., 33(6), 984–1007.
Benjamin, J. R., and Cornell, C. A. (1970) Probability, statistics, and decision for civil engineers, McGraw-Hill, New York, 406–407.
Burland, J. B., Standing, J. R., and Jardine, R. M. (2001). “Assessing the risk of building damage due to tunneling: Lessons from the Jubilee line extension, London.” Proc., 14th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conf., Hong Kong, 17–44.
Chen, J.-R. (1998). “Case history evaluation of axial behavior of augered cast-in-place piles and pressure-injected footings.” MS thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (2001). “Eurocode 7 Part 1: Geotechnical design: General rules.” Final draft, CEN, Brussels.
Grant, R., Christian, J. T., and Vanmarcke, E. H. (1974). “Differential settlement of buildings.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 100(9), 973–991.
Grigoriu, M. D. (1995). Applied non-Gaussian processes, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 166–169.
Honjo, Y., and Kusakabe, O. (2002). “Proposal of a comprehensive foundation design code: Geo-code 21 version 2.” Proc., Int. Workshop on Foundation Design Codes and Soil Investigation in View of Int. Harmonization and Performance-Based Design, Tokyo, 95–103.
Kulhawy, F. H. (1994). “Some observations on modeling in foundation engineering.” Proc., 8th Int. Conf. on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, Morgantown, Pa., 209–214.
Kulhawy, F. H., and Chen, J.-R. (2005). “Axial compression behavior of augered cast-in-place (ACIP) piles in cohesionless soils.” Advances in designing and testing deep foundations (GSP 129), ASCE, Reston, Va., 275–289.
Lumb, P. (1964). Report on Settlement of Buildings in the MongKok district of Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Government Press, Hong Kong.
Meyerhof, G. G. (1993). “Development of geotechnical limit state design.” Proc., 1st Int. Symp. on Limit State Design in Geotechnical Engineering, Copenhagen, 1–12.
Meyerhof, G. G. (1995). “Development of geotechnical limit state design.” Can. Geotech. J., 32(1), 128–136.
Peck, R. P., Hanson, W. E., and Thornburn, T. H. (1974). Foundation Engineering, 2nd Ed., Wiley, New York.
Phoon, K. K., Chen, J.-R., and Kulhawy, F. H. (2006). “Characterization of model uncertainties for augered cast-in-place (ACIP) piles under axial compression.” Proc. Foundation Analysis and Design: Innovative Methods (GSP 153), GeoShanghai, ASCE, Reston, Va., 82–89.
Phoon, K. K., Kulhawy, F. H., and Grigoriu, M. D. (1995). “Reliability-based design of foundations for transmission line structures.” Rep. TR-105000, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif.
Phoon, K. K., Kulhawy, F. H., and Grigoriu, M. D. (2003a). “Development of a reliability-based design framework for transmission line structure foundations.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 129(9), 798–806.
Phoon, K. K., Kulhawy, F. H., and Grigoriu, M. D. (2003b). “Multiple resistance factor design (MRFD) for shallow transmission line structure foundations.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 129(9), 807–818.
Polshin, D. E., and Tokar, R. A. (1957). “Maximum allowable nonuniform settlement of structures.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, London, 402–406.
Rosenblueth, E., and Esteva, L. (1972). “Reliability basis for some Mexican codes.” Publication SP-31, American Concrete Institute, Detroit.
Skempton, A. W., and MacDonald, D. H. (1956). “Allowable settlement of buildings.” Proc.-Inst. Civ. Eng., 5(3), 727–768.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). (1997). “Engineering and design: Introduction to probability and reliability methods for use in geotechnical engineering.” Engineer Technical Letter 1110–2–547, Dept. of the Army, USACE, Washington, D.C.
Wahls, H. E. (1981). “Tolerable settlement of buildings.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 107(11), 1489–1504.
Wahls, H. E. (1994). “Tolerable deformations.” Vertical and horizontal deformations of foundations and embankments (GSP 40), ASCE, Reston, Va., 1611–1628.
Walpole, R. E., Myers, R. H., and Myers, S. L. (1998). Probability and statistics for engineers and scientists, 6th Ed., Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J.
Zhang, L. M., and Ng, A. M. Y. (2005). “Probabilistic limiting tolerable displacement for serviceability limit state design of foundations.” Geotechnique, 55(2), 151–161.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: Jul 10, 2007
Accepted: Mar 7, 2008
Published online: Nov 1, 2008
Published in print: Nov 2008
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.