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Mar 1, 2005

Side Shear Setup. II: Results From Florida Test Piles

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Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 131, Issue 3

Abstract

This paper analyzes the results of a driven pile side shear setup (SSS) test program performed at the University of Florida and described in a companion paper. All pile segments showed SSS, with similar magnitudes in both cohesionless and cohesive soils, and irrespective of depth. Horizontal effective stresses increased after driving, but then stabilized as induced pore pressures dissipated. SSS continued long after pore pressure dissipation due to other aging effects. Pile load tests in all soil types, and standard penetration tests with torque measurement (SPT-T) in cohesive soils, confirmed the approximate semilog-linear time versus SSS behavior and the usefulness of the setup factor A . Staged (repeated) tests significantly increased SPT-T measurements, suggesting a reduction factor of 0.4 for SSS results measured by staged testing. We believe that engineers can now include SSS in routine design, using a minimum setup factor A=0.1 for soils similar to those tested, or higher if supported by dynamic or static pile tests, or by SPT-T predictor tests. Examples demonstrate a proposed SSS design method.

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References

Axelsson, G. (1998). “Long-term setup of driven piles in non-cohesive.” Licentiate thesis. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Bea, R. G. (1960). “An experimental study of friction and creep in saturated clay.” ME thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
Bullock, P. J., and Schmertmann, J. H. (2003). “Determining the effect of stage testing on the dimensionless pile side shear setup factor.” Research Rep. BC-354, RPWO#27, Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, Fla.
Bullock, P. J., Schmertmann, J. H., McVay, M. C., and Townsend, F. C. (2005). “Side shear setup. II: Test piles driven in Florida.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(3), 292–300.
Camp, W. M., Wright, W. B., and Hussein, M. (1993). “The effect of overburden on pile capacity in a calcareous marl.” Proc., 18th Annual Members’ Conf., Deep Foundations Institute, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
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Karlsrud, K., and Haugen, T. (1985). “Axial static capacity of steel model piles in overconsolidated clays.” Proc., 11th Int. Conf., on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Balkema, Brookfield, Vt., 3, 1401–1406.
Miller, G. A. (1994). “Behavior of displacement piles in an overconsolidated clay.” PhD dissertation, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass.
Rausche, F., Thendean, G., Abou-matar, H., Likins, G. E., and Goble, G. G. (1996). “Determination of pile drivability and capacity.”
Schmertmann (1976). “The shear behavior of soil at constant structure.” Bjerrum Memorial Volume. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo, Norway, p. 87.
Schmertmann (1981). “A general time-related soil friction increase phenomenon.” Laboratory Shear Strength of Soil, ASTM STP 740, edited by R. N. Yong, and F. C. Townsend, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, p. 475.

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Go to Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 131Issue 3March 2005
Pages: 301 - 310

History

Received: Aug 11, 2003
Accepted: Jun 26, 2004
Published online: Mar 1, 2005
Published in print: Mar 2005

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Authors

Affiliations

Paul J. Bullock, M.ASCE
Senior Engineer, GRL Engineers, Inc., 3636 NW 23rd Pl., Gainesville, FL 32605.
John H. Schmertmann, F.ASCE
Professor Emeritus, Dept. of Civil and Coastal Engineering, Univ. of Florida, 4509 NW 23rd Ave., Suite 19, Gainesville, FL 32607.
Michael C. McVay, M.ASCE
Professor, Dept. of Civil and Coastal Engineering, Univ. of Florida, P.O. Box 116580, Gainesville, FL 32611.
Frank C. Townsend, F.ASCE
Professor, Dept. of Civil and Coastal Engineering, Univ. of Florida, P.O. Box 116580, Gainesville, FL 32611.

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