High-Modulus Columns for Liquefaction Mitigation
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VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 130, Issue 6
Abstract
This paper presents the performance of a shopping complex in Turkey where the soils were improved with jet-grout columns and preload fills and subjected to the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake Under construction at the time of the earthquake, the Carrefour Shopping Center covers an area of and is founded on shallow footings, mats, and slabs-on-grade that rest on soft, saturated alluvial sediments consisting of clays, silts, and sands. High-modulus columns constructed by jet grouting were installed at close-to-moderate spacings to reduce anticipated static settlements in the clays and mitigate liquefaction in the sands. The site was subjected to a peak acceleration of approximately 0.2g during the earthquake. Grouting had been completed for about two-thirds of the site when the earthquake struck. Following the event, a field reconnaissance found stark contrast between the performance of the improved and unimproved sections. The jet-grout-treated areas suffered no apparent damage, whereas the unimproved sections of the complex, along with nearby untreated building sites, commonly suffered liquefaction-related settlements of up to 10 cm. This is the only case history known to the authors that documents the field performance of high-modulus columns used in this manner for liquefaction mitigation and direct instrumented measurement of liquefaction-induced settlements.
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Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 130 • Issue 6 • June 2004
Pages: 561 - 571
Copyright
Copyright © 2004 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 21, 2003
Accepted: Jun 19, 2003
Published online: May 14, 2004
Published in print: Jun 2004
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