TECHNICAL PAPERS
Mar 15, 2004

Studies on Sulfate-Resistant Cement Stabilization Methods to Address Sulfate-Induced Soil Heave

This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLY
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLY
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 130, Issue 4

Abstract

Performance of pavements has been affected by heave distress problems caused by sulfate rich soils treated with calcium-based stabilizers. A research study was conducted to address the effectiveness of sulfate resistant cement stabilizers Types I/II and V, for providing better treatment of sulfate rich soils. Experiments were designed and conducted on both control and cement treated sulfate soils to investigate compaction relationships, Atterberg limits, linear shrinkage and free swell strain potentials, unconfined compressive strength, and low strain shear moduli properties. This paper presents a comprehensive summary and analysis of these test results. Test results were statistically analyzed to study the potentials of sulfate resistant cement stabilization methods for significant enhancements to the strength and stiffness properties as well as reductions in swell and shrinkage strain potentials of natural sulfate rich soils. Mineralogical studies were used to verify research findings observed from the macro test results.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

Brown, P. W., and Badger, S.(2000). “The distributions of bound sulfates and chlorides in concrete subjected to mixed NaCl, MgSo4, Na2SO4 attack.” Cem. Concr. Res., 30(10), 1535–1542.
Bugge, W. A., and R. R. Bartelsmeyer (1961). “Soil stabilization with Portland cement.” Highway Research Board, Bulletin 292, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1–15.
Cordon, W. A. (1960). “Durability resistance of soil cement exposed to high concentrations of sulfate salts.” Research Rep., Utah State Univ., Utah.
Cordon, W. A. (1962). “Resistance of soil-cement exposed to sulfates.” Highway Research Board Bulletin, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
Diamond, S.(1996). “Delayed ettringite formation-processes and problems.” Cem. Concr. Compos.18(3), 205–215.
Griffin, J. (2001). “Evaluation of sulfate resistant and ordinary Portland cements for effective stabilization of natural sulfate rich subgrades.” MS thesis, The Univ. of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Tex.
Hausmann, M. R. (1990). Engineering principles of ground modification, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Hunter, D.(1988). “Lime-induced heave in sulfate-bearing clay soils.” J. Geotech. Eng., 114(2), 150–167.
Inthrasombat, N. (2003). “Ettringite formation in lime treated sulfate soils: Verification by mineralogical and swell testing.” Masters thesis, The Univ. of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Tex.
Kezdi, A. (1979). Stabilized earth roads, Elsevier Scientific, New York.
Kota, P. B. V. S., Hazlett, D., and Perrin, L. (1996). “Sulfate-bearing soils: Problems with calcium based stabilizers.” Transportation Research Record 1546, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
Ksaibati, K., and Huntington, George S.(1996). “Evaluation of sulfate expansion in soil-cements.” Geotech. Test. J., 19(3), 269–276.
Matsumato, N., Nakamura, A., Yamaguchi, Y., Onuma, E., Hashimoto, T., and Yamagata, H. (1996). “Development of grouting material for cement powder grouting.” Grouting and deep mixing, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Mitchell, J. K., and Dermatas, D.(1990). “Clay soil heave caused by lime-sulfate reactions.” ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ., 1135, 41–64.
Nelson, D. J., and Miller, J. D. (1992). Expansive soils: Problems and practice in foundation and pavement engineering, Wiley, New York.
Petry, M. T., and Little, D. N. (1992). “Update on sulfate-induced heavein treated clays; problematic sulfate levels.” Transportation Research Record 1362, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 51–55.
Prusniski, J., and Bhattacharja, S. (1999). “Effectiveness of Portland cement and lime in stabilizing clay soils.” Transportation Research Record 1652, 7th Int. Conf. on Low Volume Roads, Baton Rouge, La., Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 215–227.
Puppala, A. J., Suppakit, C., Viyanant, C., and Perrin, L. (2001). “Sulfate heaving problems in stabilized soils: observations from a few case studies.” 2nd Int. Conf. on Engineering Materials, San Jose, Calif., August, Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) and Canada Society of Civil Engineers (CSCE), 16–19.
Puppala, A. J., Viyanant, C., Kruzic, A., and Perrin, L.(2002). “Evaluation of a modified sulfate determination method for cohesive soils.” Geotech. Test. J., 25(1), 85–94.
Rajendran, D., and Lytton, R. L. (1997). “Reduction of sulfate swell in expansive clay subgrades in the Dallas district,” Texas Transportation Institute, Rep. No. TX-98/3929-1, 1997, Bryan, Tex.
Rollings, R. S., Burkes, J. P., and Rollings, M. P.(1999). “Sulfate attack on cement-stabilized sand.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 125(5), 364–372.
Sherwood, P. T. (1995). Soil stabilization with cement and lime, HMSO Publications Center, London.
Statistica for Windows. (1993). Software manual, StatSoft, Tulsa, Okla.
Taylor, H. F. W. (1990). Cement chemistry, Academic Press Limited, London.
Wang, M. C., Moultrop, K., and Nacci, V. A. (1972). “Performance of soil-cement pavement in Rhode Island.” Highway Research Record No. 379, Highway Research Board, Washington, D.C., 52–61.
Xeidakis, G. S. (1996). “Stabilization of swelling clays by Mg (OH)2 changes in clay properties after the addition of Mg-hydroxide.” Engineering geology 44, Elsevier Science Ltd., Xanthi, Greece, 107–120.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 130Issue 4April 2004
Pages: 391 - 402

History

Received: Jul 9, 2002
Accepted: Jul 1, 2003
Published online: Mar 15, 2004
Published in print: Apr 2004

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Anand J. Puppala
Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Box 19308, The Univ. of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 (corresponding author).
Julie Ann Griffin
Formerly, Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Box 19308, The Univ. of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019.
Laureano R. Hoyos
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Box 19308, The Univ. of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019.
Suppakit Chomtid
Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Box 19308, The Univ. of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share