Deformation and Failure of the Tymfristos Tunnel, Greece
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 130, Issue 10
Abstract
The Tymfristos tunnel, a long road tunnel with an section diameter, was excavated through the highly tectonized, low strength Flysch formation of central Greece. About 1 year after the completion of the excavation in 1995, convergence of up to 20% followed by failure of the support system was recorded. A long segment, in which the failure occurred, was reexcavated based on a more detailed study of the ground conditions; however, this second phase was also followed by an up to 6% convergence. The detailed geodetic study of the three-dimensional kinematics of the support shell in relation time, ring closure delays, and support measures reveals an unusual time-history of convergence occasionally continuing even after the ring closure and a nonuniform distortion of the lining. Furthermore, uncontrolled deformation of certain “weak” sections propagated bidirectionally to adjacent, previously stabilized sections producing a “chain effect,” responsible for destabilization and resumed convergence of long segments.
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Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 130 • Issue 10 • October 2004
Pages: 1004 - 1013
Copyright
Copyright © 2004 ASCE.
History
Published online: Oct 1, 2004
Published in print: Oct 2004
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