TECHNICAL PAPERS
Aug 1, 2007

Diaphragm Effects of Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges: Review and Discussion

Publication: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 12, Issue 3

Abstract

Construction of intermediate diaphragms is an extra cost financially and in scheduling. Practice of intermediate diaphragms in prestressed concrete bridges is still controversial, and the practice in each state is different. This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art practice regarding intermediate diaphragms of prestressed concrete bridges. Through a critical review, issues regarding the intermediate diaphragm effects on bridge performance are discussed. It is found that the ways to model the intermediate diaphragms make a significant difference on the results, and it is crucial to quantify the actual stiffness contribution of the intermediate diaphragms. Through field inspections, more specific information has been acquired for the current practice in Louisiana. This information is of invaluable help for developing finite element analysis and for the research team to make sound recommendations regarding the practice of intermediate diaphragms. The presented information will also help other states in examining the functions of intermediate diaphragms and in developing their policies of practice.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The writers are thankful to the Louisiana Transportation Research Center for funding this project. The contents of this report reflect only the views of the writers/principal investigators who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. We would like to also express thankfulness to those who provided help during the development of these initial tasks of this research program.

References

AASHTO. (2004). “LRFD bridge design specifications.” Washington, D.C.
AASHTO. (2002). “Standard specification for highway bridges.” Washington, D.C.
Abendroth, R. E., and Fanous, F. (2003). “Lateral impacts to PC girders in bridges with intermediate diaphragms.” Proc., of the 2003 Midcontinent Transportation Research Symp., Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
Abendroth, R. E., Fanous, F., and Andrawes, B. O. (2004). “Steel diaphragms in prestressed concrete girder bridges.” Rep. No. TR-424, Center for Transportation Research and Education, Iowa State Univ., Ames, Iowa, Final Report to Iowa Dept. of Transportation .
Abendroth, R. E., Klaiber, F. W., and Shafer, M. W. (1991). “Lateral load resistance of diaphragms in prestressed concrete girder bridges.” Iowa DOT Project HR-319, Rep. No. ISU-ERI-Ames-92076, Highway Division of the Iowa Dept. of Transportation and the Highway Research Advisory Board, Ames, Iowa.
Abendroth, R. E., Klaiber, F. W., and Shafer, M. W. (1995). “Diaphragm effectiveness in prestressed concrete girder bridges.” J. Struct. Eng., 121(9), 1362–1369.
Barr, P. J., Eberhard, M. O., and Stanton, J. F. (2001). “Live-load distribution factors in prestressed concrete girder bridges.” J. Bridge Eng., 6(5), (September/October), 298–306.
Cai, C. S., Shahawy, A. M., and El-Saad, A. (1998). “Nondestructive test of field bridges in Florida.” Proc., Structural Materials Technology, San Antonio, Tex.
Cai, C. S., and Shahawy, M. (2004). “Predicted and measured performance of prestressed concrete bridges.” J. Bridge Eng., 9(1), 4–13.
Cai, C. S., Shahawy, M., Peterman, R. J. (2002). “Effect of diaphragms on load distribution in prestressed concrete bridges.” Transportation Research Record. 1814, Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., 47–54.
Cheung, M. S., Jategaonkar, R., and Jaeger, L. G. (1986). “Effects of IDs in distributing live load in beam-and-slab bridges.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 13(8), 278–292.
Eamon, C. D., and Nowak, A. S. (2002). “Effects of edge-stiffening elements and diaphragms on bridge resistance and load distribution.” J. Bridge Eng., 7(5), 258–266.
Garcia, T. M. (1999). “IDs for precast prestressed concrete bridges.” Proc., Western Bridge Engineer’s Seminar, Seattle, Wash.
Green, T. M., Yazdani, N., Spainhour, L., and Cai, C. S. (2002). “ID and temperature effects on concrete bridge performance.” Transportation Research Record. 1814, Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., 83–90.
Griffin, J. J. (1997). “Influence of diaphragms on load distribution in P/C I-girder bridges.” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington.
Hays, C. O., Consolazio, G. R., Hoit, M. I., and Kakhandiki, A. (1994). “Bridge rating of girder—Slab bridges using automated finite element technology.” Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
Kostem, C. N. and deCastro, E. S. (1977). “Effects of diaphragms on lateral load distribution in beam-slab bridges.” Transportation Research Record. 645, Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., 6–9.
LA DOTD (2002). Bridge design manual, Louisiana Dept. of Transportation and Development, Baton Rouge, La.
Lin, C. S., and VanHorn, D. A. (1968). “The effect of midspan diaphragms on load distribution in a prestressed concrete box-beams bridge.” Fritz Engineering Laboratory Rep. No. 315.6, Lehigh Univ. Institute of Research, Bethlehem, Pa.
Sengupta, S., and Breen, J. E. (1973). “The effects of diaphragms in prestressed concrete girder and slab bridges.” Research Report 158-1F, Project 3-5-71-158, Center for Highway Research, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Tex.
Shanafelt, G. O., and Horn, W. B. (1980). “Damage evaluation and repair methods for prestressed concrete bridge members.” NCHRP Rep. 226, Washington, D.C.
Sithichaikasem, S., and Gamble, W. L. (1972). “Effects of diaphragms in bridges with prestressed concrete I-section bridges.” Structural Research Series No. 383, Illinois Cooperative Highway Research Series No. 128, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Ill.
Wong, A. Y. C., and Gamble, W. L. (1973). “Effects of diaphragms in continuous slab girder highway bridges.” Structural Research Series No. 391, Illinois Cooperative Highway Research Series No. 138, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Ill.
Zokaie, T., Osterkamp, T. A., and Imbsen, R. A. (1991). “Distribution of wheel load on highway bridges.” Rep. 12-26/1, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Board, Washington, D.C.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 12Issue 3August 2007
Pages: 161 - 167

History

Received: Oct 4, 2006
Accepted: Oct 30, 2006
Published online: Aug 1, 2007
Published in print: Aug 2007

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

C. S. Cai
Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
Marcio Araujo
Graduate Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
Anand Chandolu
Graduate Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
R. Richard Avent
Prof., Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
Walid Alaywan
Senior Research Engineer, Louisiana Transportation Research Center, 4101 Gourrier Avenue, Baton Rouge, LA 70808.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share