OTHER TECHNICAL PAPERS
Nov 13, 2009

Exploring Financial Decision-Making Approaches for Use in Earthquake Risk Decision Processes for Ports

Publication: Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Volume 15, Issue 4

Abstract

One of the main topics in the Georgia Tech/NEES Grand Challenge project “Seismic Risk Mitigation for Port Systems” is the evaluation of seismic risk management approaches for ports. One subtopic of this main topic is the re-evaluation of pertinent financial risk and decision procedures for assessing seismic risk-reduction measures. In light of many criticisms of benefit-cost and least mean total cost methods, previous port seismic risk and decision procedures have benefited from the application of the mean-variance criterion. However, serious objections have been posed to the use of the mean-variance criterion so that exploration of stochastic dominance methods is encouraged. This paper outlines these methods in terms of simplifying nonparametric and upper-order statistics. Focusing on the tails of total cost distributions, this paper shows the value of these methods, but also the value of using almost stochastic dominance when strict stochastic methods fail.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

This work was partially funded under Subcontract No. E-20-L05-S2 under NSF Prime Contract No. NSFCMS-0530478. We thank three reviewers, Shivang Desai, graduate student at the University of Southern California, Dr. Brian O’Rourke and Dr. Rick Murnane of Baseline Management Company, Zhenghui Hu, Imagecat, Inc., Professor Adam Rose at the University of Southern California, and Professor Levy. We alone though are responsible for the contents herein.

References

Alesch, D. J., Nagy, R., and Taylor, C. (2002). “Seeking criteria for the natural hazard mitigation decision.” Acceptable risk processes: Lifelines and natural hazards, C. Taylor and E. VanMarcke, eds., ASCE, Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Monograph No. 21, Reston, Va., 160–186.
Applied Technology Council. (2006). “Independent Study to Assess Future Savings from Mitigation Activities.” Applied Technology Council for the Multihazard Mitigation Council Rep. No. ATC-61, National Institute of Building Sciences, under FEMA Contract No. EMW-1998-CO-0217, Task Order 010, Redwood City, Calif.
Bernstein, P. (1996). Against the gods: The remarkable story of risk, Wiley, New York.
Davis, D. W. (2007). “In harm’s way.” Civ. Eng. Mag., 77(7), 60–65.
Embrechts, P., Klueppelberg, C., and Kosch, T. M. (1997). Modelling extremal events, Springer, Berlin.
Ferrito, J. M., Dickenson, S., Priestley, N., Werner, S., and Taylor, C. (1999). “Seismic criteria for California marine oil terminals.” Technical Rep. No. TR-2103-SHR, Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center, Port Heuneme, Calif.
Fishburn, P. C., and Vickson, R. G. (1978). “Theoretical foundations of stochastic dominance.” Stochastic dominance. An approach to decision-making under risk, G. A. Whitmore and M. C. Findley, eds., D. C. Heath, Lexington, Mass., 39–114.
Hinshaw, R. E. (2006). Living with nature’s extremes: The life of Gilbert Fowler White, Johnson Books, Boulder, Colo.
Kleindorfer, P. R., Kunreuther, H. C., and Schoemaker, P. J. H. (1993). Decision sciences: An integrative perspective, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Kosko, B. (2006). Noise, Viking, New York.
Lambert, R. J., Popper, S. W., and Bakes, S. C. (2003). Shaping the next one hundred years: New methods for quantiative long-term policy analysis, The RAND PARDEE Center, Santa Monica, Calif.
Lemaire, J., Taylor, C. E., and Tillman, C. (1993). “Models for earthquake insurance and reinsurance evaluations.” Proc., 2nd Int. Symp. on Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, Calif.
Levy, H. (2006). Stochastic dominance: Investment decision making under uncertainty, 2nd Ed., Springer, New York.
Levy, H., and Sarnat, M. (1984). Portfolio and investment selection: Theory and practice, Prentice-Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, N.J.
Lobedan, F. R., LaBasco, T., and Ogunfunmi, K. (2002). “Wharf embankment and strengthening program at the Port of Oakland.” Acceptable risk processes: Lifelines and natural hazards, C. Taylor and E. VanMarcke, eds., ASCE, Reston, Va.
Markowitz, H. M. (1959). Portfolio selection: Efficient diversification of investments, Blackwell Science, Oxford, U.K.
Markowitz, H. M. (1987). Mean-variance analysis in portfolio choice and capital markets, Blackwell Science, Oxford, U.K.
Niehaus, F., DeLeon, G., and Cullingford, M. (1984). “Trade-off between expected risk and the potential for large accidents.” Low-probability high-consequence risk analysis, R. A. Waller and V. T. Covello, eds., Plenum, New York, 91–106.
Perkins, D., and Taylor, C. (2003). “Earthquake occurrence modeling for evaluating seismic risks to roadway systems.” Advancing Mitigation Technologies and Disaster Response for Lifeline Systems: Proc., 6th U. S. National Conf. on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, J. E. Beavers, ed., ASCE, Reston, Va.
Petersen, M. D., Cao, T., Campbell, K. W., and Frankel, A. D. (2007). “Time-independent and time-dependent seismic hazard assessment for the State of California: Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast Model 1.0.” Seismol. Res. Lett., 78(1), 99–109.
Pogue, P., Goodman, A. W., Jr., Montgomery, R., Nechamen, W., and Larson, L. A. (2005). “Hurricane Katrina reconstruction through mitigation.” ASFPM Rep. No. 9-9-05, Association of State Floodplain Managers, Inc., Madison, Wis.
Porter, R. B. (1978). “Portfolio applications: Empirical studies.” Stochastic dominance. An approach to decision-making under risk, G. A. Whitmore and M. C. Findley, eds., D. C. Heath, Lexington, Mass., 117–162.
Resnick, M. D. (1987). Choices: An introduction to decision theory, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
Resnick, S. (2007). Heavy-tail phenomena, Springer, New York.
San Francisco International Airport’s Airfield Development Engineering Consultant. (2000). “Seismic risk analysis.” Airfield development program preliminary report 3D, Task D, Oakland, Calif.
Taylor, C., Perkins, D., and Werner, S. D. (2005). “Post-sampling variance reduction for seismic risk analysis of spatially distributed lifeline networks.” Technical Rep. Prepared for the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, under Research Project FHWA Contract DTFH61-98-C-00094, Buffalo, New York.
Taylor, C., Werner, S. D., Silva, W., Aschheim, M., and Scheibel, L. (2004). “Exogenous uncertainties in earthquake risk modeling for infrastructure systems: A Demonstration evaluation in Northern California.” Final Rep. Prepared for the United States Geological Survey under Award No. 03HQGR0022, Torrance, Calif.
Taylor, C. E., and Werner, S. D. (1995a). “Proposed acceptable risk procedures for the Port of Los Angeles 2020 expansion program.” Lifeline Earthquake Engineering: Proc., 4th U.S. Conf., M. O’Rourke, ed., ASCE, Reston, Va., 64–71.
Taylor, C. E., Werner, S. D., Hebert, D, Erickson, B. P., and Kunreuther, H. C. (1995b). “Proposed POLA 2020 acceptable seismioc risk procedures with demonstration application to Pier 300 wharf.” Rep. Prepared for the Port of Los Angeles, under a subcontract from CH2M Hill, Dames & Moore, San Francisco.
Taylor, C. E., Werner, S. D., and Jakubowski, S. (2001). “Walkthrough method for catastrophe decision making.” Nat. Hazards Rev., 2(4), 193–202.
Van Gigch, J. P. (1974). Applied general systems theory, Harper & Row Publishers, New York.
Werner, S. D., Dickenson, S. E., Egan, J. A., Ferritto, J. M., Kaldveer, P., Thiessen, D. A., Serventi, G. M., and Byrne, E. F. (1998a). “Experience from past earthquakes.” Seismic guidelines for ports, S. D. Werner, ed., ASCE, Reston, Va.
Werner, S. D., Dickenson, S. E., and Taylor, C. E. (1997). “Seismic risk reduction at ports: Case studies and acceptable risk evaluation.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 123(6), 337–346.
Werner, S. D., Taylor, C. E., Cho, S., Lavoie, J. P., Huyck, C., Eitzel, C., Chung, H., and Eguchi, R. T. (2006). “Redars 2 methodology and software for seismic risk analysis of highway systems.” MCEER for the Federal Highway Administration Special Rep. No. MCEER-06–SP08, Seismic Systems & Engineering Consultants for the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research under FHWA Contract DTFH61-98-C-00094, Oakland, Calif.
Werner, S. D., Taylor, C. E., Dahlgren, T., Dahl, H., Egan, H., Scheibel, L., and Tseng, W. (2004). Seismic risk reduction planning evaluations for wharf and embankment strengthening program (WESP), Port of Oakland, Oakland, Calif.
Werner, S. D., Taylor, C. E., Lobedan, F., LeBasco, T. R., and Ogunfunmi, K. (2002). “Seismic risk analysis of Port of Oakland container berths.” Proc., 7th U. S. National Conf. on Earthquake Engineering (CD-ROM), Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Boston,
Werner, S. D., Thiessen, D. A., and Ferritto, J. M. (1998b). “Seismic risk reduction planning.” Seismic guidelines for ports, S. D. Werner, ed., ASCE, Reston, Va.
Wright, J. M. (2000). The nation’s responses to flood disasters: A historical account, Association of State Floodplain Managers, Madison, WI.
Ziemba, W. T. (2003). The stochastic programming approach to asset, liability, and wealth management, The Research Foundation of AIMR, Charlottesville, Va.
Zobel, L. P. (1971). Ephesus: Hostess to history, ⟨http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/197101/ephesus-hostess.to.history.htm⟩ (Nov. 27, 2007).

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Volume 15Issue 4December 2009
Pages: 406 - 416

History

Received: May 6, 2008
Accepted: May 7, 2009
Published online: Nov 13, 2009
Published in print: Dec 2009

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Craig Taylor, A.M.ASCE [email protected]
Research Director, Baseline Management Company, Inc., 5402 Via del Valle, Torrance, CA 90505; presently, Research Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected]
Glenn Rix, A.M.ASCE [email protected]
Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 790 Atlantic Dr., N.W. Atlanta, GA 30332-0355. E-mail: [email protected]
Fang Liu, Ph.D. [email protected]
Lecturer, Dept. of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China 200092. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share