TECHNICAL PAPERS
Sep 1, 1996

Seismic Assessment for Offshore Pipelines

Publication: Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Volume 2, Issue 3

Abstract

An international consensus on seismic design criteria for onshore pipelines has been established during the last 30 years. The need to assess seismic design for offshore pipelines has not been similarly recognized. The geotechnical hazard for a pipeline routed across steep slopes and irregular terrains affected by earthquakes are discussed in this paper. The integrity of both natural and artificial load-bearing supports are assessed. The response of the pipeline to direct excitation from soil or through discontinuous, sparsely distributed natural or artificial supports are commented on. Some applications are given in order to point out topical aspects and major design issues for currently operating offshore pipelines crossing seismic active seabeds.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Albano, G., Lehrizi, M., and De Caro, R. (1992). “The TRANSMED: a technological milestone now under further expansion.”Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Offshore Mech. and Arctic Engrg., Am. Soc. of Mech. Engrs. (ASME), New York, N.Y.
2.
American Petroleum Institute (API). (1993). “API recommended practice for planning, designing and construction fixed offshore platforms.”API RP2A, 20th Ed., Dallas, Tex.
3.
Anselmi, A., and Bruschi, R. (1993). “North Sea pipelines: meeting the engineering challanges.”Pipeline Industry, (Jan.–Feb.).
4.
Bazzurro, P., Pelli, F., Manfredini, G. H., and Cornell, C. A. (1994). “Stability of sloping seabeds seismic damage analysis: methodology and application.”Proc., Strait Crossing Symp., J. Krokeborg, ed., A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
5.
Bea, R. G., and Aurora, R. P. (1983). “Design of pipelines in mudslide areas.”J. Petr. Technol., (Nov.).
6.
Breivik, J., Bruschi, R., and Leopardi, G. (1995). “Troll Oljerør—a unique technical challenge.”Proc., Offshore Mediteranean Conf.
7.
Bruschi, R., Curti, G., and Tura, F. (1991). “Free span assessment: a review.”Proc., 1st Int. Offshore Polar Engrg. Conf., Int. Soc. of Offshore and Polar Engrs., Golden, Colo.
8.
Bruschi, R., Spinazzè, M., Tomassini, D., Cascuna, S., and Venzi, S. (1995). “Failure modes for pipelines in landslide areas.”Proc., 14th Int. Conf. on OMAE, Am. Soc. of Mech. Engrs. (ASME), New York, N.Y.
9.
Cornell, C. A.(1968). “Engineering seismic risk analysis.”Bull. Seismological Soc. of Am., 58, 1583–1606.
10.
Datta, T. K., and Meshaly, E. A. (1988). “Seismic response of suspended spans of submarine pipeline.”Proc., 7th Int. Conf. of OMAE, Am. Soc. of Mech. Engrs. (ASME), New York, N.Y.
11.
Diamantidis, D., Gudmestad, O. T., and Manfredini, G. M. (1992). “Probabilistic seismic design aspects for pipeline systems in the North Sea.”Seismic Engrg., PVP—Vol. 327-1.
12.
Guidelines of the seismic design of oil and gas pipelines systems. (1984). ASCE, New York, N.Y.
13.
Kiyomiya, O. (1983). “Stresses of pipelines during earthquakes.”Proc., Offshore Technology Conf. (OTC) 4456, Offshore Technol. Conf., Richardson, Tex.
14.
Mckeehan, D. (1995). “Oman India pipeline project—technological development.”Proc., Offshore Pipeline Technol. Conf.
15.
Nadim, F., and Gudmestad, O. T.(1990). “Reliability of an engineering system under a strong earthquake with application to offshore platforms.”Proc., 9th Eur. Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., 2, 97–105.
16.
Nadim, F., Dahle, A., and Gudmestad, O. T.(1993). “Consistent treatment of uncertainties in earthquake hazard evaluation.”Proc., 2nd Eur. Conf. on Struct. Dynamics (EURODYN 1993), 1, 11–18.
17.
Newmark, N. M.(1965). “Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments.”Geotechnique, London, England, 15(2), 139–160.
18.
Norem, H., Locat, J., and Schielolrop, B. (1990). “An approach to the physics and modelling of submarine flow slides.”Marine Geotechnol., Vol. 9.
19.
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD). (1990). Guidelines to regulations relating to pipeline systems in the petroleum activities, Stavanger, Norway.
20.
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD). (1985). Regulations relating to loadbearing structures in the petroleum activities, Stavanger, Norway.
21.
Rahman, M. S. (1994). “Instability and movements of ocean floor sediments: a review.”Proc., 4th Int. Offshore and Polar Engrg. Conf., Int. Soc. of Offshore and Polar Engrs., Golden, Colo.
22.
Slemmons, D. B. (1977). “State-of-the-art for assessing earthquake hazards in the United States, report, faults and earthquake magnitude.”Rep., Mackay School of Mines, Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nev.
23.
Sotberg, T., and Bruschi, R. (1992). “Future pipeline design philosophy—framework.”Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Offshore Mech. and Artic Engrg., Am. Soc. of Mech. Engrs. (ASME), New York, N.Y.
24.
Standards New Zealand (NZS). (1985). “Code of practice for high pressure gas and petroleum liquid pipelines.”5223, Part 1.
25.
St. John, C. M., and Zahrah, T. F. (1987). “A seismic design of underground tunnel.”Tunnelling and Underground Space Technol., 2(2).
26.
Tam, C. K. W. (1995). “The Gibraltar submarine gas pipelines: seabed intervention rationale.”Proc., Offshore Pipeline Technol. Conf.
27.
Toki, K., Fukumori, Y., Sako, M., and Tsubakimots, T. (1977). “Recommended practice for earthquakes resistent design of high pressure gas pipelines.”Earthquake Resistant Lifelines, PVD, Vol. 77-1.
28.
Tokimatsu, K., and Seed, H. B. (1987). “Evaluation of settlements in sand due to earthquake shaking.”J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 113(8).
29.
Trifunac, M. D. (1980). “Effects of site geology on amplitudes of strong motion.”Proc., 7th World Conf. on Earthquake.
30.
United States Atomic Energy Commission (USAEC). (1973). “Design response spectra for seismic design of nuclear power plants.”Regulatory guide 1.60, Washington, D.C.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Volume 2Issue 3September 1996
Pages: 145 - 151

History

Published online: Sep 1, 1996
Published in print: Sep 1996

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

R. Bruschi
R&D Subsea Mgr., Snamprogetti, P.O. 97, 61032 Fano, Italy.
O. T. Gudmestad
Spec. Advisor, Prof. of Marine Technol., Statoil a.s., N-4035 Stavanger, Norway.
F. Blaker
Sr. Vice Pres., Gas Technol. and Services, Statoil a.s., N-4035 Stavanger, Norway.
F. Nadim
Tech. Expert, Norwegian Geotech. Inst., P.O. 3930 Ullevaal Hageby, N-0806 Oslo, Norway.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share