Aggregate Morphology Affecting Strength and Permanent Deformation Behavior of Unbound Aggregate Materials
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 20, Issue 9
Abstract
This paper presents findings of a research study focused on investigating influences of coarse aggregate morphologies on the strength and permanent deformation behavior of unbound aggregate materials. Angularity and surface texture properties of six different types of aggregates were evaluated using two shape indices, angularity index (AI) and surface texture index (ST), based on image analysis. Twenty-one unbound aggregate blends having the same gradation and voids content but different crushed percentages were prepared by mixing the imaging evaluated aggregates and tested using triaxial tests for strength and permanent deformation. The laboratory permanent strain—load application curves evaluated using a phenomenological power model showed the and parameters to be heavily dependent on applied stress levels. Aggregate blends with higher AI and ST indices were consistently associated with lower magnitudes of and . The angularity property was found to contribute mainly to the strength and stability of aggregate structure through confinement by bulk stress, whereas the surface texture property tended to mitigate the dilation effects through increasing friction between individual aggregate particles.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Barksdale, R. D. (1972). “Laboratory evaluation of rutting in base course materials.” Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, Vol. 3, Univ. of Michigan at Ann Arbor, London, 161–174.
Barksdale, R. D., and Itani, S. Y. (1989). “Influence of aggregate shape on base behavior.” Transportation Research Record. 1227, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 173–182.
Dawson, A. R., Thom, N. H., and Paute, J. L. (1996). “Mechanical characteristics of unbound granular materials as a function of condition.” Flexible Pavements Proc., Europe Symp. Euroflex 1993, A. G. Correia, ed., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 35–44.
Garg, N., and Thompson, M. R. (1998). “Mechanistic-empirical evaluation of the Mn/road low volume road test sections.” Final Project Rep. No. FHWA-IL-UI-262, Civil Engineering Studies UILU-ENG-89-2003, Univ. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Ill.
Haynes, J. H., and Yoder, E. J. (1963). “Effects of repeated loading on gravel and crushed stone base course materials used in the AASHO road test.” Highway Research Board Record No. 39, Washington, D.C., 82–96.
Kuo, C.-Y. (2002). “Correlating permanent deformation characteristics of hot mix asphalt with aggregate geometric irregularities.” J. Test. Eval., 30(2), 136–144.
Lekarp, F., Isaacson, U., and Dawson, A. (2000). “State of the art. I: Permanent strain response of unbound aggregates.” J. Transp. Eng., 126(1), 66–75.
Masad, E., and Button, J. W. (2000). “Unified imaging approach for measuring aggregate angularity and texture.” Comput. Aided Civ. Infrastruct. Eng., 15(4), 273–280.
Monismith, C. L., Ogawa, N., and Freeme, C. R. (1975). “Permanent deformation characteristics of subgrade soils due to repeated loading.” Transportation Research Record. 537, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1–17.
NCHRP Project 1–37A. Development of the 2002 guide for the design of new and rehabilitated pavement structures: Phase II, ⟨http://www.trb.org/mepdg⟩ or ⟨http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=218⟩.
Pan, T., and Tutumluer, E. (2007). “Quantification of coarse aggregate surface texture using image analysis.” J. Test. Eval., 35(2), 1–10.
Pan, T., Tutumluer, E., and Anochie-Boateng, J. (2006a). “Aggregate morphology affecting resilient behavior of unbound granular materials.” Transportation Research Record. 1952, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 12–20.
Pan, T., Tutumluer, E., and Carpenter, S. H. (2004). “Imaging based evaluation of coarse aggregate used in the NCAT pavement test track asphalt mixes.” Proc., 1st Int. Symp. on Design and Construction of Long Lasting Asphalt Pavements, International Society for Asphalt Pavements (ISAP), National Center for Asphalt Technology, Auburn, Ala., 557–582.
Pan, T., Tutumluer, E., and Carpenter, S. H. (2005). “Effect of coarse aggregate morphology on the resilient modulus of hot mix asphalt.” Transportation Research Record. 1929, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1–9.
Pan, T., Tutumluer, E., and Carpenter, S. H. (2006b). “Effect of coarse aggregate morphology on permanent deformation behavior of hot mix asphalt.” J. Transp. Eng., 132(7), 580–589.
Rao, C., Tutumluer, E., and Kim, I.-T. (2002). “Quantification of coarse aggregate angularity based on image analysis.” Transportation Research Record. 1787, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 117–124.
Thom, N. H., and Brown, S. F. (1987). “Effect of moisture on the structural performance of a crushed limestone road base.” Transportation Research Record. 1121, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 50–56.
Thom, N. H., and Brown, S. F. (1988). “The effect of grading and density on the mechanical properties of a crushed dolomite limestone.” Proc., 14th ARRB Conf., ARRB Transportation Research, Canberra, Australia, Part 7, 94–100.
Tseng, K. H., and Lytton, R. L. (1989). “Prediction of permanent deformation in flexible pavement materials: Implication of aggregate in design, construction, and performance of flexible pavements.” ASTM STP1016, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa.
Tutumluer, E., and Kim, I. T. (2005). “Factors affecting laboratory rutting evaluation of airport pavement granular layers.” Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, Trondheim, Norway.
Tutumluer, E., Pan, T., and Carpenter, S. H. (2005). “Investigation of aggregate shape effects on hot mix performance using an image analysis approach.” Final Technical Rep., Pooled Fund Study TPF-5(023), UILU-ENG-2005-2003, Federal Highway Administration IL Division, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
Tutumluer, E., Rao, C., and Stefanski, J. A. (2000). “Video image analysis of aggregates.” Final Project Rep. No. FHWA-IL-UI-278, Civil Engineering Studies UILU-ENG-2000-2015, Univ. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Ill.
Ullidtz, P. (1997). “Modeling of granular materials using the discrete element method.” Proc., of the 8th Int. Conf. on Asphalt Pavements, Univ. of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Seattle, 757–769.
Van Niekerk, A. A. (2002). “Mechanical behavior and performance of granular bases and sub-bases in pavements.” Ph.D. thesis, Technische Univ. Delft, Delft, The Netherlands.
Witczak, M. W., and Uzan, J. (1988). “The universal airport pavement design system.” Rep. I of V: Granular materials characterization, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Md.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 20 • Issue 9 • September 2008
Pages: 617 - 627
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: Mar 23, 2007
Accepted: Feb 14, 2008
Published online: Sep 1, 2008
Published in print: Sep 2008
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: T. G. Sitharam
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.