TECHNICAL PAPERS
Apr 1, 2006

Fundamental Characteristics of Cement-Admixed Clay in Deep Mixing

Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 18, Issue 2

Abstract

This paper examines the compressibility and strength characteristics of high water content cement-admixed clay in deep mixing applications. During curing time, both cement content and total clay water content of the clay–water–cement mixture significantly affect the strength and compressibility of the resulting stabilized clay. To ensure optimum improvement, the selection of an appropriate total clay water content for a mixture with a certain cement content is crucial. Furthermore, the fundamental parameters such as the ratio of after-curing void ratio (eot) and cement content (Aw) have been found sufficient to characterize the strength and compressibility of cement-admixed clay. The results of unconfined compression and consolidated–undrained tests have proven that the ratio eotAw combines together the influences of clay water content, cement content, and curing time as well as curing pressure on the strength of cement-admixed clay. In addition, useful empirical relationships on deep mixing application are presented.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). (1985). “Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil.” ASTM 2166-85, Philadelphia.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). (1988). “Standard test method for consolidated-undrained triaxial compression test on cohesive soils.” ASTM 4767–88 Philadelphia.
Assarson, K., Broms, B., Granhom, S., and Paus, K. (1974). Deep stabilization of soft cohesive soils. Linden Alimark, Sweden.
Bergado, D. T., Anderson, L. R., Miura, N., and Balasubramaniam, A. S. (1996). Soft ground improvement in lowland and other environments, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York.
Bergado, D. T., and Lorenzo, G. A. (2002). “Recent developments of ground improvement in soft Bangkok clay.” Proc. Int. Symp. on Lowland Technology, Saga Univ., Japan, 17–26.
Bergado, D. T., and Lorenzo, G. A. (2005). “Economical mixing method for cement deep mixing.” Proc. ASCE GeoFrontiers 2005, ASCE, Reston, Va.
Burland, J. B. (1990). “On the compressibility and shear strength of natural clays.” Geotechnique, 40(3), 329–373.
Diamond, S., and Kinter, E. B. (1965). “Mechanism of soil-lime stabilization—An interpretative review.” Highw. Res. Rec., 92, 83–102.
Horpibulsuk, S., Bergado, D. T., and Lorenzo, G. A. (2004). “Compressibility of cement-admixed clays at high water content.” Geotechnique, 54(2), 151–154.
Kamon, M., and Bergado, D. T. (1991). “Ground improvement techniques.” Proc., 9th Asian Regional Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, Bangkok, Thailand, 526–546.
Lea, F. M. (1956). The chemistry of cement and concrete, Edward Arnold, London.
Lorenzo, G. A., and Bergado, D. T. (2003a). “New consolidation equation for soil-cement piles improved ground.” Can. Geotech. J., 40(2), 265–275.
Lorenzo, G. A., and Bergado, D. T. (2003b). “Fundamentals of high water content deep mixing piles.” Proc. Int. Symp. 2003 on Soil/Ground Improvement and Geosynthetics in Waste Containment and Erosion Control Applications, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, 155–174.
Lorenzo, G. A., and Bergado, D. T. (2004). “Fundamental parameters of cement-admixed clay—New approach.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 130(10), 1042–1050.
Miura, N., Horpibulsok, S., and Nagaraj, T. S. (2001). “Engineering behavior of cement stabilized clay at high water content.” Soils Found., 41(5), 33–45.
Petchgate, K., Jongpradist, P., and Panmanajareonphol, S. (2003). “Field pile load test of soil-cement column in soft clay.” Proc. Int. Symp. 2003 on Soil/Ground Improvement and Geosynthetics in Waste Containment and Erosion Control Applications, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, 175–184.
Porbaha, A. (1998). “State of the art in deep mixing technology. Part I: Basic concepts and overview.” Ground Improvement, 2, 81–92.
Porbaha, A., Shibuya, S., and Kishida, T. (2000). “State of the art in deep mixing technology. Part III: Geomaterial characterization.” Ground Improvement, 3, 91–110.
Saitoh, S., Kawasaki, T., Niina, S., Babaski, R., and Miyata, T. (1980). “Research on DMM using cementitious agents (part 10)—Engineering properties of treated soils.” Proc., 15th National Conference of the JSSMFE, Tokyo, 717–720.
Uddin, K., Balasubramaniam, A. S., and Bergado, D. T. (1997). “Engineering behavior of cement-treated Bangkok soft clay.” Geotech. Eng., 28(1), 89–119.
Win, S. M. K. (1997). “Curing time dependent properties of cement treated Bangkok clay.” M.Eng. thesis No. GE-96-31, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand.
Yang, D. S. (1997). “Deep mixing.” Proc. Geo-Institute Conf. (Geo Logan ’97), ASCE, Logan, 130–150.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 18Issue 2April 2006
Pages: 161 - 174

History

Received: Feb 15, 2005
Accepted: Jul 29, 2005
Published online: Apr 1, 2006
Published in print: Apr 2006

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Notes

Note. Associate Editor: Hilary I. Inyang

Authors

Affiliations

Glen A. Lorenzo
Doctor of Engineering, Graduate in the Geotechnical Engineering Program, School of Civil Engineering, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. E-mail: [email protected]
Dennes T. Bergado
Professor, Geotechnical Engineering Program, School of Civil Engineering, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share